{
  "name": "requirements",
  "title": "Fire Service Safety Management System: requirements by jurisdiction",
  "description": "The at-a-glance requirements of every jurisdiction topic in Fire Service Safety Management System: 36 topics across 14 jurisdictions, each with the law it cites, a link to the official text and its verification status. General information, not legal advice: check the official text before you rely on it.",
  "book": {
    "title": "Fire Service Safety Management System",
    "url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety"
  },
  "version": "0.3.3",
  "date_modified": "2026-10-25T01:38:54.170315+00:00",
  "licence": {
    "label": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 with the Adopting Agency Grant",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"
  },
  "publisher": "The Human Factor",
  "disclaimer": "General information only, not legal, medical or other professional advice. Verify every requirement against the current official text of the law, standards and manufacturer instructions that apply to you. Obtain your own legal review and consult your joint health and safety committee before adopting anything. You adopt, adapt, implement and rely on this material entirely at your own risk and on your own responsibility. Full terms: Terms of Use, thehumanfactor.ca.",
  "fields": {
    "topic_id": "The topic page's document ID in the book.",
    "topic": "The topic page's title.",
    "jurisdiction_code": "Province, territory or FED (federal).",
    "jurisdiction": "The jurisdiction's name.",
    "requirements": "The at-a-glance values for this jurisdiction, by column.",
    "requirement_summary": "The at-a-glance values as one line.",
    "citations": "The statutes, regulations and sources the jurisdiction's section cites.",
    "official_url": "The official text of the first cited statute or regulation.",
    "verification_status": "Verified, Partly verified or Not yet verified against the official text, as of this release.",
    "topic_url": "The topic page.",
    "section_url": "The jurisdiction's section on the topic page."
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Workers Compensation Act Part 2; WorkSafeBC",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-888-621-7233",
        "Administrative penalties": "Up to $816,148.69; citations up to $1,312.96",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$893,241.75 + $44,662.11/day, 6 months (CPI-indexed)",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Review Division, 90 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Workers Compensation Act Part 2; WorkSafeBC; 24-hour reporting line: 1-888-621-7233; Administrative penalties: Up to $816,148.69; citations up to $1,312.96; Maximum fine, first offence: $893,241.75 + $44,662.11/day, 6 months (CPI-indexed); First review or appeal of an order: Review Division, 90 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "OHS Act and Code; Alberta OHS",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-866-415-8690 (hours not stated)",
        "Administrative penalties": "Up to $10,000 per day; tickets",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 + $30,000/day, 6 months",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Labour Relations Board, 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: OHS Act and Code; Alberta OHS; 24-hour reporting line: 1-866-415-8690 (hours not stated); Administrative penalties: Up to $10,000 per day; tickets; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 + $30,000/day, 6 months; First review or appeal of an order: Labour Relations Board, 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Alta. Reg. 184/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_184.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Saskatchewan Employment Act Part III; OHS Division",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-800-567-7233, option 1 (24/7)",
        "Administrative penalties": "None in the Act; tickets",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 where death or serious injury ($1.5 million corporation), 2 years",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Director, 15 business days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Saskatchewan Employment Act Part III; OHS Division; 24-hour reporting line: 1-800-567-7233, option 1 (24/7); Administrative penalties: None in the Act; tickets; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 where death or serious injury ($1.5 million corporation), 2 years; First review or appeal of an order: Director, 15 business days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Workplace Safety and Health Act; WSH Branch",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-855-957-7233, option 1 (any time)",
        "Administrative penalties": "Up to $5,000",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 + $50,000/day, 6 months",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Director, 14 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Workplace Safety and Health Act; WSH Branch; 24-hour reporting line: 1-855-957-7233, option 1 (any time); Administrative penalties: Up to $5,000; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 + $50,000/day, 6 months; First review or appeal of an order: Director, 14 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "OHS Act; Ministry of Labour (MLITSD)",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-877-202-0008 (24/7)",
        "Administrative penalties": "Authorized 2025-11-27; one contravention prescribed so far",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 individual; $2,000,000 corporation; 12 months",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Ontario Labour Relations Board, 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: OHS Act; Ministry of Labour (MLITSD); 24-hour reporting line: 1-877-202-0008 (24/7); Administrative penalties: Authorized 2025-11-27; one contravention prescribed so far; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 individual; $2,000,000 corporation; 12 months; First review or appeal of an order: Ontario Labour Relations Board, 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ontario Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development [MLITSD]. (2024). Reporting workplace incidents and illnesses (updated 2024-01-02).",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/reporting-workplace-incidents-or-structural-hazards"
        },
        {
          "text": "Administrative Penalties, O. Reg. 365/25",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r25365"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Act respecting OHS; CNESST",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-844-838-0808, option 1 (on-call inspector)",
        "Administrative penalties": "None",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$15,000 to $60,000 (legal person, serious), indexed",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "CNESST review, 10 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Act respecting OHS; CNESST; 24-hour reporting line: 1-844-838-0808, option 1 (on-call inspector); Administrative penalties: None; Maximum fine, first offence: $15,000 to $60,000 (legal person, serious), indexed; First review or appeal of an order: CNESST review, 10 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.3"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "OHS Act; WorkSafeNB",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-800-999-9775 (hours not stated)",
        "Administrative penalties": "$100 to $2,000",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$250,000, 6 months",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Chief Compliance Officer, 14 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: OHS Act; WorkSafeNB; 24-hour reporting line: 1-800-999-9775 (hours not stated); Administrative penalties: $100 to $2,000; Maximum fine, first offence: $250,000, 6 months; First review or appeal of an order: Chief Compliance Officer, 14 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "OHS Act; OHS Division",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-800-952-2687",
        "Administrative penalties": "$100 to $2,000",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$250,000 ($500,000 repeat or fatality) + $25,000/day, 2 years",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Labour Board, 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: OHS Act; OHS Division; 24-hour reporting line: 1-800-952-2687; Administrative penalties: $100 to $2,000; Maximum fine, first offence: $250,000 ($500,000 repeat or fatality) + $25,000/day, 2 years; First review or appeal of an order: Labour Board, 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "OHS Act; WCB of PEI",
        "24-hour reporting line": "902-628-7513",
        "Administrative penalties": "None",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$250,000 + $5,000/day, 1 month",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Director (no fixed window), then 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: OHS Act; WCB of PEI; 24-hour reporting line: 902-628-7513; Administrative penalties: None; Maximum fine, first offence: $250,000 + $5,000/day, 1 month; First review or appeal of an order: Director (no fixed window), then 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "OHS Act; OHS Division",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-709-729-4444",
        "Administrative penalties": "None",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$250,000 + $25,000/day, 12 months",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Assistant deputy minister, 7 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: OHS Act; OHS Division; 24-hour reporting line: 1-709-729-4444; Administrative penalties: None; Maximum fine, first offence: $250,000 + $25,000/day, 12 months; First review or appeal of an order: Assistant deputy minister, 7 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act; WSCB",
        "24-hour reporting line": "867-667-5450 or 1-800-661-0443",
        "Administrative penalties": "Up to $250,000; base $250 to $10,000",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 + $50,000/day, 2 years",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Not confirmed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act; WSCB; 24-hour reporting line: 867-667-5450 or 1-800-661-0443; Administrative penalties: Up to $250,000; base $250 to $10,000; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 + $50,000/day, 2 years; First review or appeal of an order: Not confirmed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Yukon Workers’ Safety and Compensation Board. (2026). Policy 7.9: Administrative penalties (effective 2026-06-01).",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/policies/general-and-administrative/7-9-administrative-penalties"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Safety Act; WSCC",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-800-661-0792",
        "Administrative penalties": "None under the Safety Act",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 employer, 1 year",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Chief Safety Officer, 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Safety Act; WSCC; 24-hour reporting line: 1-800-661-0792; Administrative penalties: None under the Safety Act; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 employer, 1 year; First review or appeal of an order: Chief Safety Officer, 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2025b). Reporting requirements. Northwest Territories and Nunavut.",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/health-safety/ohs-information/reporting-requirements"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Safety Act; WSCC",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-800-661-0792",
        "Administrative penalties": "None under the Safety Act",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$500,000 employer, 1 year",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Chief Safety Officer, 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Safety Act; WSCC; 24-hour reporting line: 1-800-661-0792; Administrative penalties: None under the Safety Act; Maximum fine, first offence: $500,000 employer, 1 year; First review or appeal of an order: Chief Safety Officer, 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2025b). Reporting requirements. Northwest Territories and Nunavut.",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/health-safety/ohs-information/reporting-requirements"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-01",
      "topic": "J01 OHS Legislation, Regulator and Enforcement",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Statute; regulator": "Canada Labour Code Part II; Labour Program",
        "24-hour reporting line": "1-800-641-4049",
        "Administrative penalties": "Up to $250,000 per violation",
        "Maximum fine, first offence": "$1,000,000, 2 years (indictment)",
        "First review or appeal of an order": "Canada Industrial Relations Board, 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Statute; regulator: Canada Labour Code Part II; Labour Program; 24-hour reporting line: 1-800-641-4049; Administrative penalties: Up to $250,000 per violation; Maximum fine, first offence: $1,000,000, 2 years (indictment); First review or appeal of an order: Canada Industrial Relations Board, 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Administrative Monetary Penalties (Canada Labour Code) Regulations, SOR/2020-260",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2020-260/FullText.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment and Social Development Canada. (2025). Contact the Labour Program (modified 2025-12-30).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/services/labour-contact.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j01-ohs-legislation-regulator-and-enforcement#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 22",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Prime contractor, owner, supplier, directors and officers",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Ensure health and safety of workers (Workers Compensation Act [BC], 2019, s. 21)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 23)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 22; Other named duty-holders: Prime contractor, owner, supplier, directors and officers; Employer’s general duty: Ensure health and safety of workers (Workers Compensation Act [BC], 2019, s. 21); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 23)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 5",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Supplier, service provider, contracting employer, owner, prime contractor, staffing agency",
        "Employer’s general duty": "As far as reasonably practicable (s. 3)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 4)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 5; Other named duty-holders: Supplier, service provider, contracting employer, owner, prime contractor, staffing agency; Employer’s general duty: As far as reasonably practicable (s. 3); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 4)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 3-10",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Self-employed, contractor, prime contractor, owner, supplier",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Insofar as reasonably practicable (s. 3-8)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 3-9)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 3-10; Other named duty-holders: Self-employed, contractor, prime contractor, owner, supplier; Employer’s general duty: Insofar as reasonably practicable (s. 3-8); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 3-9)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 5",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Prime contractor, contractor, owner, supplier",
        "Employer’s general duty": "So far as reasonably practicable (s. 4)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 4.1)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 5; Other named duty-holders: Prime contractor, contractor, owner, supplier; Employer’s general duty: So far as reasonably practicable (s. 4); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 4.1)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 28",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Constructor, owner, supplier, architect and engineer, directors and officers",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Every precaution reasonable (s. 25(2)(h)) plus strict duties",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 27)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 28; Other named duty-holders: Constructor, owner, supplier, architect and engineer, directors and officers; Employer’s general duty: Every precaution reasonable (s. 25(2)(h)) plus strict duties; Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 27)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Awareness and Training, O. Reg. 297/13",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130297"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 49",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Person retaining services, supplier, manufacturer",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Necessary measures for health, safety and physical and mental well-being (s. 51)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "No (managers and foremen are not “workers”)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 49; Other named duty-holders: Person retaining services, supplier, manufacturer; Employer’s general duty: Necessary measures for health, safety and physical and mental well-being (s. 51); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: No (managers and foremen are not “workers”)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 12",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Contractor, contracting employer, owner, supplier",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Every reasonable precaution (s. 9)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 9.1, since 2019)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 12; Other named duty-holders: Contractor, contracting employer, owner, supplier; Employer’s general duty: Every reasonable precaution (s. 9); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 9.1, since 2019)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 17",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Contractor, constructor, supplier, owner, self-employed, service provider, architect and engineer",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Every precaution reasonable (s. 13)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "No (supervisors are employees; managers’ acts are the employer’s)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 17; Other named duty-holders: Contractor, constructor, supplier, owner, self-employed, service provider, architect and engineer; Employer’s general duty: Every precaution reasonable (s. 13); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: No (supervisors are employees; managers’ acts are the employer’s)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 16",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Constructor, contractor, supplier, self-employed, owner, service provider, architect and engineer",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Every reasonable precaution (s. 12)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "No"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 16; Other named duty-holders: Constructor, contractor, supplier, self-employed, owner, service provider, architect and engineer; Employer’s general duty: Every reasonable precaution (s. 12); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: No",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "ss. 6-8",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Principal contractor, supplier, owner (regulations)",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Where reasonably practicable (ss. 4-5)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (ss. 5.1-5.2)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: ss. 6-8; Other named duty-holders: Principal contractor, supplier, owner (regulations); Employer’s general duty: Where reasonably practicable (ss. 4-5); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (ss. 5.1-5.2)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 29",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Self-employed, prime contractor, owner, supplier, directors and officers",
        "Employer’s general duty": "As far as reasonably practicable (s. 27)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (s. 28)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 29; Other named duty-holders: Self-employed, prime contractor, owner, supplier, directors and officers; Employer’s general duty: As far as reasonably practicable (s. 27); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (s. 28)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 5",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Principal contractor or owner (co-ordination), supplier",
        "Employer’s general duty": "All reasonable precautions (s. 4)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 16)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 5; Other named duty-holders: Principal contractor or owner (co-ordination), supplier; Employer’s general duty: All reasonable precautions (s. 4); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 16)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 5",
        "Other named duty-holders": "Principal contractor or owner, supplier",
        "Employer’s general duty": "All reasonable precautions (s. 4)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "Yes (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NU], 2021, s. 16)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 5; Other named duty-holders: Principal contractor or owner, supplier; Employer’s general duty: All reasonable precautions (s. 4); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: Yes (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NU], 2021, s. 16)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-02",
      "topic": "J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Worker duties": "s. 126",
        "Other named duty-holders": "No owner or supplier duty in Part II",
        "Employer’s general duty": "Ensure health and safety is protected (s. 124)",
        "Supervisor a separate duty-holder?": "No (“employer” includes anyone acting for it)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Worker duties: s. 126; Other named duty-holders: No owner or supplier duty in Part II; Employer’s general duty: Ensure health and safety is protected (s. 124); Supervisor a separate duty-holder?: No (“employer” includes anyone acting for it)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Not fixed",
        "Written OHS policy": "No separate duty; aims statement is in the program",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ workers with a moderate or high hazard workplace, or 50+; smaller: informal program with monthly meetings",
        "Program elements in law": "7 (OHSR 3.3)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Not fixed; Written OHS policy: No separate duty; aims statement is in the program; Written OHS program: 20+ workers with a moderate or high hazard workplace, or 50+; smaller: informal program with monthly meetings; Program elements in law: 7 (OHSR 3.3)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Not fixed",
        "Written OHS policy": "None",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ regularly employed, or on a Director’s direction",
        "Program elements in law": "None prescribed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Not fixed; Written OHS policy: None; Written OHS program: 20+ regularly employed, or on a Director’s direction; Program elements in law: None prescribed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "At least every 3 years",
        "Written OHS policy": "Within the program; harassment and violence policies for all",
        "Written OHS program": "Only listed (Table 7) places with 10+; fire services not listed unless ordered",
        "Program elements in law": "10 (OHSR 3-11)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: At least every 3 years; Written OHS policy: Within the program; harassment and violence policies for all; Written OHS program: Only listed (Table 7) places with 10+; fire services not listed unless ordered; Program elements in law: 10 (OHSR 3-11)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Every 3 years or on change",
        "Written OHS policy": "Within the program; harassment policy for all",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ regularly employed (12-month average)",
        "Program elements in law": "12 (The Workplace Safety and Health Act [MB], 2026, s. 7.4(5))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Every 3 years or on change; Written OHS policy: Within the program; harassment policy for all; Written OHS program: 20+ regularly employed (12-month average); Program elements in law: 12 (The Workplace Safety and Health Act [MB], 2026, s. 7.4(5))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Policy annually",
        "Written OHS policy": "More than 5 workers; reviewed annually; posted",
        "Written OHS program": "More than 5 workers; contents not prescribed",
        "Program elements in law": "None prescribed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Policy annually; Written OHS policy: More than 5 workers; reviewed annually; posted; Written OHS program: More than 5 workers; contents not prescribed; Program elements in law: None prescribed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Updated every year; report to CNESST every 3 years",
        "Written OHS policy": "Psychological harassment policy for all",
        "Written OHS program": "Prevention program at 20+; action plan below 20",
        "Program elements in law": "9 (LSST s. 59)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Updated every year; report to CNESST every 3 years; Written OHS policy: Psychological harassment policy for all; Written OHS program: Prevention program at 20+; action plan below 20; Program elements in law: 9 (LSST s. 59)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.3"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c. N-1.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/N-1.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Program annually",
        "Written OHS policy": "20+ in the province; 5-19 at a place of employment",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ in the province",
        "Program elements in law": "7 (s. 8.1)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Program annually; Written OHS policy: 20+ in the province; 5-19 at a place of employment; Written OHS program: 20+ in the province; Program elements in law: 7 (s. 8.1)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Policy annually; program not fixed",
        "Written OHS policy": "5+ regularly employed; reviewed annually",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ regularly employed",
        "Program elements in law": "9 (s. 28(2))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Policy annually; program not fixed; Written OHS policy: 5+ regularly employed; reviewed annually; Written OHS program: 20+ regularly employed; Program elements in law: 9 (s. 28(2))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Both annually",
        "Written OHS policy": "5+ regularly employed; reviewed annually",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ regularly employed; reviewed annually",
        "Program elements in law": "9 (s. 23(3))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Both annually; Written OHS policy: 5+ regularly employed; reviewed annually; Written OHS program: 20+ regularly employed; reviewed annually; Program elements in law: 9 (s. 23(3))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Program 3 years; policy annually",
        "Written OHS policy": "Under 20 workers (instead of a program)",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ workers",
        "Program elements in law": "12 (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 [NL], 2026, s. 12)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Program 3 years; policy annually; Written OHS policy: Under 20 workers (instead of a program); Written OHS program: 20+ workers; Program elements in law: 12 (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 [NL], 2026, s. 12)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Every 3 years",
        "Written OHS policy": "Every employer: prevention policy statements and procedures",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ regularly employed (health and safety management system)",
        "Program elements in law": "12 (s. 44(3))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Every 3 years; Written OHS policy: Every employer: prevention policy statements and procedures; Written OHS program: 20+ regularly employed (health and safety management system); Program elements in law: 12 (s. 44(3))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "At least every 3 years",
        "Written OHS policy": "Within the program; harassment and impairment policies for all",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ workers at the work site, or on direction",
        "Program elements in law": "11 (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 21(2))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: At least every 3 years; Written OHS policy: Within the program; harassment and impairment policies for all; Written OHS program: 20+ workers at the work site, or on direction; Program elements in law: 11 (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 21(2))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "At least every 3 years",
        "Written OHS policy": "Within the program; harassment policy for all",
        "Written OHS program": "20+ workers at the work site, or on direction",
        "Program elements in law": "11 (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NU], 2021, s. 21(2))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: At least every 3 years; Written OHS policy: Within the program; harassment policy for all; Written OHS program: 20+ workers at the work site, or on direction; Program elements in law: 11 (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NU], 2021, s. 21(2))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-03",
      "topic": "J03 OHS Policy and Program",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Review interval": "Evaluated at least every 3 years",
        "Written OHS policy": "Every employer: policy statement available",
        "Written OHS program": "Every employer: hazard prevention program",
        "Program elements in law": "6 (COHSR 19.1)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review interval: Evaluated at least every 3 years; Written OHS policy: Every employer: policy statement available; Written OHS program: Every employer: hazard prevention program; Program elements in law: 6 (COHSR 19.1)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer, with committee participation where feasible",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Specific assessments only",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "No single general duty; specific risk assessments by Part",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Regular, at intervals that prevent unsafe conditions; special after malfunction or accident"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer, with committee participation where feasible; Written, and when repeated: Specific assessments only; General hazard assessment duty: No single general duty; specific risk assessments by Part; Workplace inspection frequency in law: Regular, at intervals that prevent unsafe conditions; special after malfunction or accident",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer; committee reviews the documentation",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Written and dated; before work, at reasonably practicable intervals, on change",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Yes (Occupational Health and Safety Code [AB], 2025, s. 7)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Not fixed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer; committee reviews the documentation; Written, and when repeated: Written and dated; before work, at reasonably practicable intervals, on change; General hazard assessment duty: Yes (Occupational Health and Safety Code [AB], 2025, s. 7); Workplace inspection frequency in law: Not fixed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Committee or representative",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Program reviewed at least every 3 years",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Through the program (listed places only); Part 32 plan",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Reasonable intervals set by committee and employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Committee or representative; Written, and when repeated: Program reviewed at least every 3 years; General hazard assessment duty: Through the program (listed places only); Part 32 plan; Workplace inspection frequency in law: Reasonable intervals set by committee and employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer and committee",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Through the program at 20+; competent person",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Yes: eliminate or control every risk (WSHR 2.1)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Regular; committee inspects before each regular meeting"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer and committee; Written, and when repeated: Through the program at 20+; competent person; General hazard assessment duty: Yes: eliminate or control every risk (WSHR 2.1); Workplace inspection frequency in law: Regular; committee inspects before each regular meeting",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Designated worker member or representative",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Violence assessment as often as necessary",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "No general written duty; violence risk assessment",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Monthly, or whole workplace yearly with part each month"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Designated worker member or representative; Written, and when repeated: Violence assessment as often as necessary; General hazard assessment duty: No general written duty; violence risk assessment; Workplace inspection frequency in law: Monthly, or whole workplace yearly with part each month",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Health and safety representative",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Program updated every year",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Yes, in the prevention program or action plan",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Not fixed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Health and safety representative; Written, and when repeated: Program updated every year; General hazard assessment duty: Yes, in the prevention program or action plan; Workplace inspection frequency in law: Not fixed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.3"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer, program developed with the committee",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Program reviewed annually",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Through the program (20+)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "At least once a month"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer, program developed with the committee; Written, and when repeated: Program reviewed annually; General hazard assessment duty: Through the program (20+); Workplace inspection frequency in law: At least once a month",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer, with committee participation",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Not fixed; program self-monitoring",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Through the program (20+)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Not fixed; program sets schedules"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer, with committee participation; Written, and when repeated: Not fixed; program self-monitoring; General hazard assessment duty: Through the program (20+); Workplace inspection frequency in law: Not fixed; program sets schedules",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer, with committee participation",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Program reviewed annually",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Through the program (20+)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Not fixed; program sets schedules"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer, with committee participation; Written, and when repeated: Program reviewed annually; General hazard assessment duty: Through the program (20+); Workplace inspection frequency in law: Not fixed; program sets schedules",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer, with committee participation",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Program reviewed at least every 3 years",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Through the program (20+); working-alone assessment",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Regular, at intervals that maintain safe conditions"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer, with committee participation; Written, and when repeated: Program reviewed at least every 3 years; General hazard assessment duty: Through the program (20+); working-alone assessment; Workplace inspection frequency in law: Regular, at intervals that maintain safe conditions",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Employer, with committee participation",
        "Written, and when repeated": "As often as needed; after change or incident; with workers",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Yes, every employer (WHS Regs 1.03.01)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Not fixed; system sets schedule"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Employer, with committee participation; Written, and when repeated: As often as needed; after change or incident; with workers; General hazard assessment duty: Yes, every employer (WHS Regs 1.03.01); Workplace inspection frequency in law: Not fixed; system sets schedule",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Committee or representative",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Program at least every 3 years",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Through the program; code of practice expects written station assessments",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "At least every 3 months"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Committee or representative; Written, and when repeated: Program at least every 3 years; General hazard assessment duty: Through the program; code of practice expects written station assessments; Workplace inspection frequency in law: At least every 3 months",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Committee or representative",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Same",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "At least every 3 months"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Committee or representative; Written, and when repeated: Same; General hazard assessment duty: Same as Northwest Territories; Workplace inspection frequency in law: At least every 3 months",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-04",
      "topic": "J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Who inspects": "Work place committee or representative",
        "Written, and when repeated": "Methodology with a review time frame; program evaluated every 3 years",
        "General hazard assessment duty": "Yes (COHSR 19.3-19.5)",
        "Workplace inspection frequency in law": "Monthly, every part at least yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Who inspects: Work place committee or representative; Written, and when repeated: Methodology with a review time frame; program evaluated every 3 years; General hazard assessment duty: Yes (COHSR 19.3-19.5); Workplace inspection frequency in law: Monthly, every part at least yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Monthly",
        "Volunteers": "Workers; may be members; count not stated",
        "Member training": "8 h within 6 months; 8 h paid leave a year",
        "Employer’s written response": "21 days",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 10-19; separate fire department committee"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Monthly; Volunteers: Workers; may be members; count not stated; Member training: 8 h within 6 months; 8 h paid leave a year; Employer’s written response: 21 days; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 10-19; separate fire department committee",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Set in terms of reference",
        "Volunteers": "Workers; unpaid not counted toward 20 or 5",
        "Member training": "Roles, obligations, rights (no hours)",
        "Employer’s written response": "None",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 5-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Set in terms of reference; Volunteers: Workers; unpaid not counted toward 20 or 5; Member training: Roles, obligations, rights (no hours); Employer’s written response: None; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 5-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Alta. Reg. 184/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_184.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "2 weeks, then 3 monthly, then every 3 months",
        "Volunteers": "Unpaid volunteers likely not counted",
        "Member training": "Co-chairs trained; up to 5 days paid leave a year",
        "Employer’s written response": "None (written reasons)",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "10+; rep only at listed places"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: 2 weeks, then 3 monthly, then every 3 months; Volunteers: Unpaid volunteers likely not counted; Member training: Co-chairs trained; up to 5 days paid leave a year; Employer’s written response: None (written reasons); Committee threshold; representative below it: 10+; rep only at listed places",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "At least every 3 months",
        "Volunteers": "Workers; may be members; daily-average count",
        "Member training": "Trained to be competent; greater of 16 h or 2 shifts paid leave",
        "Employer’s written response": "30 days (recommendation on a danger)",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 5-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: At least every 3 months; Volunteers: Workers; may be members; daily-average count; Member training: Trained to be competent; greater of 16 h or 2 shifts paid leave; Employer’s written response: 30 days (recommendation on a danger); Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 5-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "At least every 3 months",
        "Volunteers": "Paid volunteers likely workers",
        "Member training": "1 employer and 1 worker member certified",
        "Employer’s written response": "21 days",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 6-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: At least every 3 months; Volunteers: Paid volunteers likely workers; Member training: 1 employer and 1 worker member certified; Employer’s written response: 21 days; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 6-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Awareness and Training, O. Reg. 297/13",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130297"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Municipal: 6 a year, every 3 months",
        "Volunteers": "Part-time firefighters are workers",
        "Member training": "1 day within 120 days",
        "Employer’s written response": "None (written reply on training and PPE disputes)",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+ during the year; rep wherever a committee exists"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Municipal: 6 a year, every 3 months; Volunteers: Part-time firefighters are workers; Member training: 1 day within 120 days; Employer’s written response: None (written reply on training and PPE disputes); Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+ during the year; rep wherever a committee exists",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.3"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Monthly",
        "Volunteers": "Not addressed",
        "Member training": "3-day program within 12 months",
        "Employer’s written response": "None",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 5-19 if the policy provides"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Monthly; Volunteers: Not addressed; Member training: 3-day program within 12 months; Employer’s written response: None; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 5-19 if the policy provides",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "Training and Designated Trades Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 2007-33",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2007-33"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Monthly unless rules change it",
        "Volunteers": "Not settled; this system counts them",
        "Member training": "None prescribed",
        "Employer’s written response": "21 days",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 5-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Monthly unless rules change it; Volunteers: Not settled; this system counts them; Member training: None prescribed; Employer’s written response: 21 days; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 5-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Monthly unless rules change it",
        "Volunteers": "Not addressed",
        "Member training": "None prescribed",
        "Employer’s written response": "30 days",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 5-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Monthly unless rules change it; Volunteers: Not addressed; Member training: None prescribed; Employer’s written response: 30 days; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 5-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "At least every 3 months",
        "Volunteers": "Not addressed",
        "Member training": "Certification: all members at 50+, co-chairs at 20-49",
        "Employer’s written response": "30 days",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep under 20; designate under 6"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: At least every 3 months; Volunteers: Not addressed; Member training: Certification: all members at 50+, co-chairs at 20-49; Employer’s written response: 30 days; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep under 20; designate under 6",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkplaceNL. (2023a). [Certification training standard for occupational health and safety committee members, representatives and designates] (effective 2023-01-01).",
          "url": "https://mun.ca/health_safety/media/production/memorial/administrative/environmental-health-amp-safety/media-library/whsc/WHSC%20Certification%20Standard.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Monthly",
        "Volunteers": "Workers; count not defined",
        "Member training": "Orientation in 30 days; co-chairs and reps trained in 6 months",
        "Employer’s written response": "None",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+; rep 5-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Monthly; Volunteers: Workers; count not defined; Member training: Orientation in 30 days; co-chairs and reps trained in 6 months; Employer’s written response: None; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+; rep 5-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "14 days, then 3 monthly, then every 3 months",
        "Volunteers": "Workers; count and may be members",
        "Member training": "Co-chairs and rep trained",
        "Employer’s written response": "“As soon as reasonably possible”",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "20+ for 90+ days; rep 1-19"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: 14 days, then 3 monthly, then every 3 months; Volunteers: Workers; count and may be members; Member training: Co-chairs and rep trained; Employer’s written response: “As soon as reasonably possible”; Committee threshold; representative below it: 20+ for 90+ days; rep 1-19",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2018). Codes of practice: Joint occupational health and safety committees.",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Joint%20OHS%20Committee%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "Same",
        "Volunteers": "Same",
        "Member training": "Same",
        "Employer’s written response": "Same",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "Same as Northwest Territories"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: Same; Volunteers: Same; Member training: Same; Employer’s written response: Same; Committee threshold; representative below it: Same as Northwest Territories",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-05",
      "topic": "J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Meetings": "9 a year (policy committee quarterly)",
        "Volunteers": "Unpaid volunteers cannot hold employee seats",
        "Member training": "Prescribed training; program reviewed every 3 years",
        "Employer’s written response": "30 days",
        "Committee threshold; representative below it": "Work place committee 20+; policy committee 300+; rep under 20"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Meetings: 9 a year (policy committee quarterly); Volunteers: Unpaid volunteers cannot hold employee seats; Member training: Prescribed training; program reviewed every 3 years; Employer’s written response: 30 days; Committee threshold; representative below it: Work place committee 20+; policy committee 300+; rep under 20",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Not general; specific Parts",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Program: written instructions for all workers",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Committee advises on programs and policies; consultation named in specific Parts",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "5 mandatory, 6 conditional (OHSR 31.5)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Not general; specific Parts; General written-procedure duty: Program: written instructions for all workers; Committee consulted on procedures: Committee advises on programs and policies; consultation named in specific Parts; Fire-service procedures named in law: 5 mandatory, 6 conditional (OHSR 31.5)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Not fixed",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Required procedures must be written and available",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Committee participates in hazard assessment",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Not fixed; General written-procedure duty: Required procedures must be written and available; Committee consulted on procedures: Committee participates in hazard assessment; Fire-service procedures named in law: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2019). OHS guide for firefighting (FEX003).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/26730d34-5bae-4ed3-b044-9263c5511bb8/resource/0c585fed-73c4-4de4-9a48-a5ac0c37a496/download/lbr-fex003-ohs-guide-for-firefighting-2019.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Not fixed",
        "General written-procedure duty": "None general",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Yes for the Part 32 plan and many other plans",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "Written emergency response plan (Part 32-3)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Not fixed; General written-procedure duty: None general; Committee consulted on procedures: Yes for the Part 32 plan and many other plans; Fire-service procedures named in law: Written emergency response plan (Part 32-3)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Not fixed",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Safe work procedures where risk remains; developed, trained, enforced",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Yes: all safe work procedures (WSHR 2.2)",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "Written SOPs with resourcing table (Part 42)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Not fixed; General written-procedure duty: Safe work procedures where risk remains; developed, trained, enforced; Committee consulted on procedures: Yes: all safe work procedures (WSHR 2.2); Fire-service procedures named in law: Written SOPs with resourcing table (Part 42)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Specific (annual for some training)",
        "General written-procedure duty": "None general; specific regulations",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Specific programs and training; committee recommends procedures",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None (guidance notes only)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Specific (annual for some training); General written-procedure duty: None general; specific regulations; Committee consulted on procedures: Specific programs and training; committee recommends procedures; Fire-service procedures named in law: None (guidance notes only)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Confined Spaces, O. Reg. 632/05",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/050632"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Program updated yearly",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Within the prevention program (administrative controls)",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Committee co-operates on the program; determines training",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Program updated yearly; General written-procedure duty: Within the prevention program (administrative controls); Committee consulted on procedures: Committee co-operates on the program; determines training; Fire-service procedures named in law: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.3"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2026). Guides de référence pour les services de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/securite-situations-urgence/securite-incendie/services-de-securite-incendie-et-municipalites/guides-de-reference-pour-les-services-de-securite-incendie"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Program annually",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Program: written work procedures and codes of practice",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Program developed and reviewed with the committee",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None (equipment rules only)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Program annually; General written-procedure duty: Program: written work procedures and codes of practice; Committee consulted on procedures: Program developed and reviewed with the committee; Fire-service procedures named in law: None (equipment rules only)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "When conditions change",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Adequate, implemented, trained, available, reviewed before work, updated",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Yes: every written policy, procedure, plan or code of practice",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None by name; emergency services reliefs need generic procedures"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: When conditions change; General written-procedure duty: Adequate, implemented, trained, available, reviewed before work, updated; Committee consulted on procedures: Yes: every written policy, procedure, plan or code of practice; Fire-service procedures named in law: None by name; emergency services reliefs need generic procedures",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Program annually",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Program: written work procedures",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Program and policy with the committee",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Program annually; General written-procedure duty: Program: written work procedures; Committee consulted on procedures: Program and policy with the committee; Fire-service procedures named in law: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Program 3 years; working alone annually",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Program: written work procedures appropriate to the hazards",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Consult on all OHS matters; working-alone procedure",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Program 3 years; working alone annually; General written-procedure duty: Program: written work procedures appropriate to the hazards; Committee consulted on procedures: Consult on all OHS matters; working-alone procedure; Fire-service procedures named in law: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Every 3 years",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Every employer: written prevention policies and procedures",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Hazard assessments and system with the committee",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "5 mandatory, 5 conditional (Part 11)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Every 3 years; General written-procedure duty: Every employer: written prevention policies and procedures; Committee consulted on procedures: Hazard assessments and system with the committee; Fire-service procedures named in law: 5 mandatory, 5 conditional (Part 11)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Code: SOPs reviewed yearly",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Program training plan covers procedures",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Yes for the s. 478 plan",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "Written plan with SOPs (Part 32, s. 478)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Code: SOPs reviewed yearly; General written-procedure duty: Program training plan covers procedures; Committee consulted on procedures: Yes for the s. 478 plan; Fire-service procedures named in law: Written plan with SOPs (Part 32, s. 478)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Same",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Same",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "Same"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Same; General written-procedure duty: Same as Northwest Territories; Committee consulted on procedures: Same; Fire-service procedures named in law: Same",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-06",
      "topic": "J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Review or update rule": "Program every 3 years",
        "General written-procedure duty": "Prescribed procedures; administrative procedures in the program",
        "Committee consulted on procedures": "Yes: changes to work processes and procedures; programs",
        "Fire-service procedures named in law": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Review or update rule: Program every 3 years; General written-procedure duty: Prescribed procedures; administrative procedures in the program; Committee consulted on procedures: Yes: changes to work processes and procedures; programs; Fire-service procedures named in law: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Transport Canada. (2026). Standard 323: Aircraft fire fighting at airports and aerodromes (modified 2026-08-20).",
          "url": "https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/standards/standard-323-aircraft-fire-fighting-airports-aerodromes-canadian-aviation-regulations-cars"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Undue hazard” (OHSR 3.12)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "WorkSafeBC; 1 year"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes; Refusal test (section): “Undue hazard” (OHSR 3.12); Firefighter or emergency limit: None; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: WorkSafeBC; 1 year",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Not stated",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Undue hazard” (Occupational Health and Safety Act [AB], 2020, s. 17)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "OHS officer; 180 days (grievance if under a collective agreement)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Not stated; Refusal test (section): “Undue hazard” (Occupational Health and Safety Act [AB], 2020, s. 17); Firefighter or emergency limit: None; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: OHS officer; 180 days (grievance if under a collective agreement)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes, presumption",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Unusually dangerous” (SEA 3-31)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None specific; unpaid volunteers outside the right",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "OHS officer; no deadline in the Act"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes, presumption; Refusal test (section): “Unusually dangerous” (SEA 3-31); Firefighter or emergency limit: None specific; unpaid volunteers outside the right; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: OHS officer; no deadline in the Act",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes",
        "Refusal test (section)": "Danger: imminent risk of serious injury and the employer failed to take reasonable measures (s. 43, 2025)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None specific; the 2025 definition narrows every refusal",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Safety and health officer; 6 months"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes; Refusal test (section): Danger: imminent risk of serious injury and the employer failed to take reasonable measures (s. 43, 2025); Firefighter or emergency limit: None specific; the 2025 definition narrows every refusal; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Safety and health officer; 6 months",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes",
        "Refusal test (section)": "Equipment, workplace condition, violence or contravention likely to endanger (s. 43(3))",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "Danger “inherent in the worker’s work” or “a normal condition of the worker’s employment”; direct danger to another (s. 43(1))",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Labour Relations Board or arbitration; none stated in s. 50"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes; Refusal test (section): Equipment, workplace condition, violence or contravention likely to endanger (s. 43(3)); Firefighter or emergency limit: Danger “inherent in the worker’s work” or “a normal condition of the worker’s employment”; direct danger to another (s. 43(1)); Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Labour Relations Board or arbitration; none stated in s. 50",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Presumption if within 6 months",
        "Refusal test (section)": "Danger to health, safety or physical or mental well-being (s. 12)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "“Ordinary conditions in his kind of work”; immediate danger to another (s. 13)",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "CNESST or grievance; 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Presumption if within 6 months; Refusal test (section): Danger to health, safety or physical or mental well-being (s. 12); Firefighter or emergency limit: “Ordinary conditions in his kind of work”; immediate danger to another (s. 13); Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: CNESST or grievance; 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Not stated",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Likely to endanger” (s. 19)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Commission, then arbitrator, or grievance; 1 year"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Not stated; Refusal test (section): “Likely to endanger” (s. 19); Firefighter or emergency limit: None; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Commission, then arbitrator, or grievance; 1 year",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Likely to endanger” (s. 43)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "Danger “inherent in the work of the employee”; direct danger to another (s. 43(9), added 2024)",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "OHS officer, or arbitration; 30 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes; Refusal test (section): “Likely to endanger” (s. 43); Firefighter or emergency limit: Danger “inherent in the work of the employee”; direct danger to another (s. 43(9), added 2024); Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: OHS officer, or arbitration; 30 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Not stated",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Likely to endanger” (s. 28)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "WCB, then arbitrator, or grievance; none stated"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Not stated; Refusal test (section): “Likely to endanger” (s. 28); Firefighter or emergency limit: None; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: WCB, then arbitrator, or grievance; none stated",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Presumed discriminatory",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Dangerous” (s. 45)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "None",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Labour Relations Board or grievance; none stated"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Presumed discriminatory; Refusal test (section): “Dangerous” (s. 45); Firefighter or emergency limit: None; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Labour Relations Board or grievance; none stated",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Unsafe” (s. 47)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "“Ordinary conditions in that kind of work” with control measures in place; direct danger to another with control measures (s. 47(3))",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Board, then arbitrator, or collective agreement; 21 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes; Refusal test (section): “Unsafe” (s. 47); Firefighter or emergency limit: “Ordinary conditions in that kind of work” with control measures in place; direct danger to another with control measures (s. 47(3)); Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Board, then arbitrator, or collective agreement; 21 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Not applicable",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Unusual danger” (s. 13)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "Definition excludes dangers normal to the work",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Prosecution; court may reinstate"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Not applicable; Refusal test (section): “Unusual danger” (s. 13); Firefighter or emergency limit: Definition excludes dangers normal to the work; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Prosecution; court may reinstate",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Not applicable",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Unusual danger” (s. 13)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Prosecution; court may reinstate"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Not applicable; Refusal test (section): “Unusual danger” (s. 13); Firefighter or emergency limit: Same as Northwest Territories; Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Prosecution; court may reinstate",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-07",
      "topic": "J07 Right to Refuse and Reprisal Protection",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Burden on employer": "Yes, for refusals",
        "Refusal test (section)": "“Danger” (s. 128)",
        "Firefighter or emergency limit": "“Normal condition of employment”; direct danger to another (s. 128(2))",
        "Reprisal complaint: where; deadline": "Canada Industrial Relations Board; 90 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Burden on employer: Yes, for refusals; Refusal test (section): “Danger” (s. 128); Firefighter or emergency limit: “Normal condition of employment”; direct danger to another (s. 128(2)); Reprisal complaint: where; deadline: Canada Industrial Relations Board; 90 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j07-right-to-refuse-and-reprisal-protection#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Officer or police direct",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Major structural collapse; major hazardous release; fire or explosion with serious-injury potential",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Preliminary 48 h; full 30 days; worker rep takes part",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days (death: immediately)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Officer or police direct; Reportable with no injury: Major structural collapse; major hazardous release; fire or explosion with serious-injury potential; Investigation duty and clock: Preliminary 48 h; full 30 days; worker rep takes part; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately; Employer report to compensation board: 3 days (death: immediately)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Director, officer or police direct",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Uncontrolled explosion, fire or flood with serious-injury potential; crane collapse; structural collapse",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Report with corrective action to Director and committee; no clock; potentially serious incidents too",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "As soon as possible (death; hospital admission beyond emergency care)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "72 hours"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Director, officer or police direct; Reportable with no injury: Uncontrolled explosion, fire or flood with serious-injury potential; crane collapse; structural collapse; Investigation duty and clock: Report with corrective action to Director and committee; no clock; potentially serious incidents too; Death or serious injury: notice: As soon as possible (death; hospital admission beyond emergency care); Employer report to compensation board: 72 hours",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. W-15",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Fatal accident: until officer investigates",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Listed dangerous occurrences incl. collapse and respirator failure",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Co-chairs investigate; written report; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "As soon as reasonably possible (death; in-patient 72 h+)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "5 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Fatal accident: until officer investigates; Reportable with no injury: Listed dangerous occurrences incl. collapse and respirator failure; Investigation duty and clock: Co-chairs investigate; written report; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: As soon as reasonably possible (death; in-patient 72 h+); Employer report to compensation board: 5 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. W-17.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fire Safety Act, S.S. 2015, c. F-15.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/76411/formats/85690/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "24 h after notice, or officer directs",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Collapse; explosion, fire or flood; hazardous spill; respirator failure",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Co-chairs investigate; written report; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately (death; listed injuries)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "5 business days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: 24 h after notice, or officer directs; Reportable with no injury: Collapse; explosion, fire or flood; hazardous spill; respirator failure; Investigation duty and clock: Co-chairs investigate; written report; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately (death; listed injuries); Employer report to compensation board: 5 business days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers Compensation Act, C.C.S.M. c. W200",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act, C.C.S.M. c. F80",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f080.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Inspector permits",
        "Reportable with no injury": "None for fire departments",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Worker member designated to investigate deaths and critical injuries",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately by phone; written within 48 h (death; critical injury)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Inspector permits; Reportable with no injury: None for fire departments; Investigation duty and clock: Worker member designated to investigate deaths and critical injuries; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately by phone; written within 48 h (death; critical injury); Employer report to compensation board: 3 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sched. A",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ontario Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development [MLITSD]. (2024). Reporting workplace incidents and illnesses (updated 2024-01-02).",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/reporting-workplace-incidents-or-structural-hazards"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Inspector investigates",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Only damage of $215,749 or more (2026)",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Committee and representative investigate; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Fastest means; written within 24 h (death; limb loss or significant trauma; 2+ seriously injured)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "2 days after return to work or day 14"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Inspector investigates; Reportable with no injury: Only damage of $215,749 or more (2026); Investigation duty and clock: Committee and representative investigate; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Fastest means; written within 24 h (death; limb loss or significant trauma; 2+ seriously injured); Employer report to compensation board: 2 days after return to work or day 14",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Officer orders",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Accidental explosion or exposure; catastrophic event or equipment failure",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately (death; listed injuries incl. in-patient)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Officer orders; Reportable with no injury: Accidental explosion or exposure; catastrophic event or equipment failure; Investigation duty and clock: Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately (death; listed injuries incl. in-patient); Employer report to compensation board: 3 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. W-13",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/W-13"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. F-13",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-13"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Officer directs",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Explosion; major structural collapse; major hazardous release; fall where fall protection required",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately (death); within 24 h (listed injuries)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "2 business days per the WCB’s page"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Officer directs; Reportable with no injury: Explosion; major structural collapse; major hazardous release; fall where fall protection required; Investigation duty and clock: Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately (death); within 24 h (listed injuries); Employer report to compensation board: 2 business days per the WCB’s page",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Officer directs",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Accidental explosions only",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Written, fastest means, within 24 h (listed injuries)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Officer directs; Reportable with no injury: Accidental explosions only; Investigation duty and clock: Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Written, fastest means, within 24 h (listed injuries); Employer report to compensation board: 3 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. W-7.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Not stated",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Any accident with reasonable potential for serious injury or death",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately; written within 3 days (fatality 5 days)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Not stated; Reportable with no injury: Any accident with reasonable potential for serious injury or death; Investigation duty and clock: Program must provide prompt investigation; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately; written within 3 days (fatality 5 days); Employer report to compensation board: 3 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Protection Services Act, S.N.L. 2008, c. F-11.01",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/f11-01.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Board or police direct",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Major collapse; major release; explosion or fire with serious-injury potential",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Employer investigates; written report; no clock",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Immediately (death; serious injury; in-patient)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Board or police direct; Reportable with no injury: Major collapse; major release; explosion or fire with serious-injury potential; Investigation duty and clock: Employer investigates; written report; no clock; Death or serious injury: notice: Immediately (death; serious injury; in-patient); Employer report to compensation board: 3 days",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Fatality: until safety officer finishes",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Dangerous occurrences incl. collapse and respirator failure",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Joint with committee; written report",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "As soon as reasonably possible (death; in-patient 24 h+)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days, including hazardous exposures"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Fatality: until safety officer finishes; Reportable with no injury: Dangerous occurrences incl. collapse and respirator failure; Investigation duty and clock: Joint with committee; written report; Death or serious injury: notice: As soon as reasonably possible (death; in-patient 24 h+); Employer report to compensation board: 3 days, including hazardous exposures",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, S.N.W.T. 2007, c. 21",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2025b). Reporting requirements. Northwest Territories and Nunavut.",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/health-safety/ohs-information/reporting-requirements"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "As NWT",
        "Reportable with no injury": "As NWT",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "As NWT",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "As NWT",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "3 days, including hazardous exposures"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: As NWT; Reportable with no injury: As NWT; Investigation duty and clock: As NWT; Death or serious injury: notice: As NWT; Employer report to compensation board: 3 days, including hazardous exposures",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, C.S.Nu., c. W-70",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/workers-compensation-act-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2025b). Reporting requirements. Northwest Territories and Nunavut.",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/health-safety/ohs-information/reporting-requirements"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-08",
      "topic": "J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Scene held until": "Head authorizes",
        "Reportable with no injury": "Explosion (24 h); fire or explosion, rescue or revival (written in 14 days)",
        "Investigation duty and clock": "Qualified person; written report to Head in 14 days",
        "Death or serious injury: notice": "Within 24 h (death; disabling injury to 2+; loss of a body member)",
        "Employer report to compensation board": "Provincial board under GECA"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Scene held until: Head authorizes; Reportable with no injury: Explosion (24 h); fire or explosion, rescue or revival (written in 14 days); Investigation duty and clock: Qualified person; written report to Head in 14 days; Death or serious injury: notice: Within 24 h (death; disabling injury to 2+; loss of a body member); Employer report to compensation board: Provincial board under GECA",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government Employees Compensation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. G-5",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/g-5/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment and Social Development Canada. (2025). Contact the Labour Program (modified 2025-12-30).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/services/labour-contact.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j08-incident-reporting-and-investigation#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Program keeps records and statistics",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; first aid 3 y; committee reports 2 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Overexposure investigations 10 y; hearing tests for duration of employment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Program keeps records and statistics; Default or main retention periods: No general default; first aid 3 y; committee reports 2 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Overexposure investigations 10 y; hearing tests for duration of employment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 165",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96165_03"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; investigation reports 2 y; first aid 3 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Airborne measurements 3 y; listed health assessments 30 y; audiograms 10 y (physician)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: No general default; investigation reports 2 y; first aid 3 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Airborne measurements 3 y; listed health assessments 30 y; audiograms 10 y (physician)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Protection of Privacy Act, S.A. 2024, c. P-28.5",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/P28P5.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; first aid register 5 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Respirator records for duration of employment; noise measurements while operating"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: No general default; first aid register 5 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Respirator records for duration of employment; noise measurements while operating",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Every record the regulation requires",
        "Default or main retention periods": "5 y default",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Chemical and biological monitoring 30 y; audiograms 10 y"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Every record the regulation requires; Default or main retention periods: 5 y default; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Chemical and biological monitoring 30 y; audiograms 10 y",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act, C.C.S.M. c. F80",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f080.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, C.C.S.M. c. F175",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f175.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Personal Health Information Act, C.C.S.M. c. P33.5",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/p033-5.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; incident notices 3 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Exposure records “as prescribed”; no period found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: No general default; incident notices 3 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Exposure records “as prescribed”; no period found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Confined Spaces, O. Reg. 632/05",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/050632"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Awareness and Training, O. Reg. 297/13",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130297"
        },
        {
          "text": "First Aid Requirements, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1101",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/901101"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; committee minutes 5 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Breathing air analyses 5 y"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: No general default; committee minutes 5 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Breathing air analyses 5 y",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.3"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c. N-1.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/N-1.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting Access to documents held by public bodies and the Protection of personal information, CQLR c. A-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-2.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Program records system",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; training and minutes 3 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Hearing tests for duration of employment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Program records system; Default or main retention periods: No general default; training and minutes 3 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Hearing tests for duration of employment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "First Aid Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 2004-130",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2004-130"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Program records and statistics",
        "Default or main retention periods": "5 y default",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Not specified"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Program records and statistics; Default or main retention periods: 5 y default; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Not specified",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 48/2003",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/fsfiresf.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Program records and statistics",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; first aid 3 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Hearing tests for duration of employment; asbestos 40 y"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Program records and statistics; Default or main retention periods: No general default; first aid 3 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Hearing tests for duration of employment; asbestos 40 y",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act Fall Protection Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC633/04",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o01-01-1-occupational_health_and_safety_act_fall_protection_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Program records and statistics",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; drills and first aid 5 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Health surveillance as the minister specifies; hearing records while employed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Program records and statistics; Default or main retention periods: No general default; drills and first aid 5 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Health surveillance as the minister specifies; hearing records while employed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety First Aid Regulations, C.N.L.R. 1148/96",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc961148.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 2015, S.N.L. 2015, c. A-1.2",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/a01-2.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; first aid 3 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Audiograms for length of employment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: No general default; first aid 3 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Audiograms for length of employment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Commercial Diving Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/commercial-diving"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "No general default; first aid 3 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Respirator records while employed; exposure-incident reports to workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: No general default; first aid 3 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Respirator records while employed; exposure-incident reports to workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules only",
        "Default or main retention periods": "As Northwest Territories",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "As Northwest Territories"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules only; Default or main retention periods: As Northwest Territories; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: As Northwest Territories",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-09",
      "topic": "J09 Records Retention",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "General OHS records duty": "Item rules; program evaluations 6 y",
        "Default or main retention periods": "Occurrence reports 10 y; first aid 2 y",
        "Firefighter smoke exposure records": "Not specified",
        "Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records": "Hazard investigations 30 y; substance records 30 y from 2027-01-30"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "General OHS records duty: Item rules; program evaluations 6 y; Default or main retention periods: Occurrence reports 10 y; first aid 2 y; Firefighter smoke exposure records: Not specified; Exposure, health surveillance and hearing records: Hazard investigations 30 y; substance records 30 y from 2027-01-30",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Work Place Harassment and Violence Prevention Regulations, SOR/2020-130",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2020-130/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j09-records-retention#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "None separate for public-body employers",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Private-sector privacy law",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "No; FOIPPA governs its health records",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "FOIPPA; breach notification"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: None separate for public-body employers; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Private-sector privacy law; Department a custodian or trustee?: No; FOIPPA governs its health records; Access and privacy law for municipal records: FOIPPA; breach notification",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 165",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96165_03"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96165_03",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Health Information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "If designated by regulation",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Only for ambulance work",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "Access to Information Act and Protection of Privacy Act (2025)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Health Information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: If designated by regulation; Department a custodian or trustee?: Only for ambulance work; Access and privacy law for municipal records: Access to Information Act and Protection of Privacy Act (2025)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Access to Information Act, S.A. 2024, c. A-1.4",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/A01P4.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Protection of Privacy Act, S.A. 2024, c. P-28.5",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/P28P5.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health Information Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. H-5",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/H05.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/A01P4.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Health Information Protection Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes, licensed professionals not employed by a trustee",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Not as such; ambulance operators are trustees",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "LAFOIP"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Health Information Protection Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes, licensed professionals not employed by a trustee; Department a custodian or trustee?: Not as such; ambulance operators are trustees; Access and privacy law for municipal records: LAFOIP",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Health Information Protection Act, S.S. 1999, c. H-0.021",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/4523"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/4523",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Personal Health Information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Yes: a public body that holds health information is a trustee",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "FIPPA"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Personal Health Information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes; Department a custodian or trustee?: Yes: a public body that holds health information is a trustee; Access and privacy law for municipal records: FIPPA",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, C.C.S.M. c. F175",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f175.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Personal Health Information Act, C.C.S.M. c. P33.5",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/p033-5.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f175.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "PHIPA",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "No",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "MFIPPA; impact assessments and breach reporting from 2027-01-01"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: PHIPA; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes; Department a custodian or trustee?: No; Access and privacy law for municipal records: MFIPPA; impact assessments and breach reporting from 2027-01-01",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. M.56",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90m56"
        },
        {
          "text": "Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004, S.O. 2004, c. 3, Sched. A",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/04p03"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90m56",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Health and social services information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Not under that Act",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "No",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "Access Act; impact assessments and incident notice"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Health and social services information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Not under that Act; Department a custodian or trustee?: No; Access and privacy law for municipal records: Access Act; impact assessments and incident notice",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting Access to documents held by public bodies and the Protection of personal information, CQLR c. A-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting health and social services information, CQLR c. R-22.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/R-22.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "PHIPAA",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Possibly, when giving health care",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "RTIPPA (local public bodies)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: PHIPAA; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes; Department a custodian or trustee?: Possibly, when giving health care; Access and privacy law for municipal records: RTIPPA (local public bodies)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Right to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, S.N.B. 2009, c. R-10.6",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/R-10.6"
        },
        {
          "text": "Personal Health Information Privacy and Access Act, S.N.B. 2009, c. P-7.05",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/P-7.05"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/R-10.6",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Personal Health Information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Generally no",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "Municipal Government Act Part XX"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Personal Health Information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes; Department a custodian or trustee?: Generally no; Access and privacy law for municipal records: Municipal Government Act Part XX",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Municipal Government Act, S.N.S. 1998, c. 18",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/municipal%20government.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, S.N.S. 1993, c. 5",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/freedom%20of%20information%20and%20protection%20of%20privacy.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Personal Health Information Act, S.N.S. 2010, c. 41",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/personal%20health%20information.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/municipal%20government.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Not yet verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Health Information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Not named",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "FOIPP for designated municipalities only"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Health Information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes; Department a custodian or trustee?: Not named; Access and privacy law for municipal records: FOIPP for designated municipalities only",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. F-15.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/f-15-01-freedom_of_information_and_protection_of_privacy_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health Information Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. H-1.41",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/h-01-41-health_information_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/f-15-01-freedom_of_information_and_protection_of_privacy_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Personal Health Information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes, when giving health care",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Not expressly",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "ATIPPA, 2015 (towns and cities)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Personal Health Information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes, when giving health care; Department a custodian or trustee?: Not expressly; Access and privacy law for municipal records: ATIPPA, 2015 (towns and cities)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 2015, S.N.L. 2015, c. A-1.2",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/a01-2.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Personal Health Information Act, S.N.L. 2008, c. P-7.01",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/p07-01.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/a01-2.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "HIPMA",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Yes",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Unresolved",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "Not covered by ATIPP; Municipal Act access rules"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: HIPMA; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Yes; Department a custodian or trustee?: Unresolved; Access and privacy law for municipal records: Not covered by ATIPP; Municipal Act access rules",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, S.Y. 2018, c. 9",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2018/2018-0009/2018-0009_2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Municipal Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 154",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0154/2002-0154.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health Information Privacy and Management Act, S.Y. 2013, c. 16",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2013/2013-0016/2013-0016.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2018/2018-0009/2018-0009_2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "Health Information Act",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Physicians and prescribed persons",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "No, unless prescribed",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "ATIPP only if designated; none designated"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: Health Information Act; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Physicians and prescribed persons; Department a custodian or trustee?: No, unless prescribed; Access and privacy law for municipal records: ATIPP only if designated; none designated",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, S.N.W.T. 1994, c. 20",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/access-to-information-and-protection-of-privacy-act-snwt-1994-c20/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health Information Act, S.N.W.T. 2014, c. 2",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/health-information-act-snwt-2014-c2/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/access-to-information-and-protection-of-privacy-act-snwt-1994-c20/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "None found",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Not applicable",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "No",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "ATIPPA only if designated; none designated"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: None found; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Not applicable; Department a custodian or trustee?: No; Access and privacy law for municipal records: ATIPPA only if designated; none designated",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act, C.S.Nu., c. A-20",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/access-information-and-protection-privacy-act-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/access-information-and-protection-privacy-act-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-10",
      "topic": "J10 Privacy and Health Information",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Health information statute": "None",
        "Clinicians custodians or trustees?": "Provincial law",
        "Department a custodian or trustee?": "Not applicable",
        "Access and privacy law for municipal records": "Privacy Act for federal institutions; PIPEDA for federal works"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Health information statute: None; Clinicians custodians or trustees?: Provincial law; Department a custodian or trustee?: Not applicable; Access and privacy law for municipal records: Privacy Act for federal institutions; PIPEDA for federal works",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, S.C. 2000, c. 5",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-8.6/section-4.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-8.6/section-4.html",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j10-privacy-and-health-information#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes, “with or without remuneration”",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Workers by definition; brigades register and pay premiums",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "May sit; counting not stated",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum service; regular fire-scene exposure throughout"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes, “with or without remuneration”; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Workers by definition; brigades register and pay premiums; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: May sit; counting not stated; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum service; regular fire-scene exposure throughout",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes, including unpaid",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "By Board order; appointed members who must attend fires, drills and training",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Unpaid not counted; may sit (inference)",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum period; regular fire-scene exposure throughout"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes, including unpaid; Compensation coverage of volunteers: By Board order; appointed members who must attend fires, drills and training; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Unpaid not counted; may sit (inference); What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum period; regular fire-scene exposure throughout",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Alta. Reg. 184/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_184.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. W-15",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Board-Alberta. (2026). Policies and information manual.",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.ab.ca/assets/pdfs/public/policy/manual/printable_pdfs/complete_policy_manual.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Paid members yes; unpaid only for harassment and violence",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Member of a municipal volunteer fire brigade",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not addressed",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Volunteer member for the prescribed period; regularly exposed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Paid members yes; unpaid only for harassment and violence; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Member of a municipal volunteer fire brigade; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not addressed; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Volunteer member for the prescribed period; regularly exposed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. W-17.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Miscellaneous Regulations, R.R.S. c. W-17.11, Reg. 1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70001/formats/77848/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes (interpretation)",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Casual emergency worker approved by the chief or municipality",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not excluded; counted by average daily presence",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum cumulative service; regular exposure"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes (interpretation); Compensation coverage of volunteers: Casual emergency worker approved by the chief or municipality; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not excluded; counted by average daily presence; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum cumulative service; regular exposure",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers Compensation Act, C.C.S.M. c. W200",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Minimum Periods of Employment and Non-Smoking: Firefighters and OFC Personnel Regulation, Man. Reg. 160/2005",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/160-2005.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Paid (honorarium, per call) yes; unpaid no",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Member approved by the chief; municipality is deemed employer",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Paid members may sit (interpretation)",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Total years of volunteer service; concurrent periods counted once"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Paid (honorarium, per call) yes; unpaid no; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Member approved by the chief; municipality is deemed employer; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Paid members may sit (interpretation); What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Total years of volunteer service; concurrent periods counted once",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sched. A",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16"
        },
        {
          "text": "Part I of the Act: Firefighters and Fire Investigators, O. Reg. 253/07",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/070253"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes if under a contract of employment, even unpaid; part-time are workers",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Volunteers only if a statement is filed; part-time employees covered",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Part-time may be representatives (interpretation)",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Full-time or part-time operational firefighter employed by a municipality"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes if under a contract of employment, even unpaid; part-time are workers; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Volunteers only if a statement is filed; part-time employees covered; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Part-time may be representatives (interpretation); What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Full-time or part-time operational firefighter employed by a municipality",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001, r. 8.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/A-3.001,%20r.%208.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Probably (broad “employee”)",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Member approved by the chief; Firefighters’ Compensation Act",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not addressed",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum service; regular exposure (not forest fires)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Probably (broad “employee”); Compensation coverage of volunteers: Member approved by the chief; Firefighters’ Compensation Act; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not addressed; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum service; regular exposure (not forest fires)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. W-13",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/W-13"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Compensation Act, S.N.B. 2009, c. F-12.5",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-12.5"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Unsettled; this system treats them as employees",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Deemed workers; mandatory since 2020-10-30",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "This system counts and seats them",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "At least 20 per cent participation each year, confirmed by the chief"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Unsettled; this system treats them as employees; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Deemed workers; mandatory since 2020-10-30; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: This system counts and seats them; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: At least 20 per cent participation each year, confirmed by the chief",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 22/96",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/wocgen.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Compensation Regulations, N.S. Reg. 140/2003",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/wocfire.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Likely (person in a workplace “for any purpose”)",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "“Worker” includes a volunteer firefighter",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not addressed",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum period of fire-hazard exposure; service records on request"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Likely (person in a workplace “for any purpose”); Compensation coverage of volunteers: “Worker” includes a volunteer firefighter; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not addressed; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum period of fire-hazard exposure; service records on request",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. W-7.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act General Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w07-1g-workers_compensation_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Board of Prince Edward Island. (2025a). Frequently asked questions: Presumptive cancer coverage for firefighters.",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.pe.ca/DocumentManagement/Document/pub_faqpresumptivecancercoverageforfirefighters.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Not addressed",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Municipality applies; members certified; annual count",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not addressed",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Regular fire-scene exposure; employer reports fire scenes and years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Not addressed; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Municipality applies; members certified; annual count; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not addressed; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Regular fire-scene exposure; employer reports fire scenes and years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes, “a volunteer”",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Designated Government of Yukon workers",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not barred; counting not addressed",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum years; volunteers covered after 2014-03-27"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes, “a volunteer”; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Designated Government of Yukon workers; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not barred; counting not addressed; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum years; volunteers covered after 2014-03-27",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes; count toward 20; may sit",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Deemed workers; territory is employer unless municipality pays",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Yes",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum years now; 2 years from 2027-01-01"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes; count toward 20; may sit; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Deemed workers; territory is employer unless municipality pays; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Yes; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum years now; 2 years from 2027-01-01",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, S.N.W.T. 2007, c. 21",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Yes",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Deemed workers; territory is employer unless municipality pays",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Yes",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Minimum years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Yes; Compensation coverage of volunteers: Deemed workers; territory is employer unless municipality pays; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Yes; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Minimum years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, C.S.Nu., c. W-70",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/workers-compensation-act-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Presumption Regulations, Nu. Reg. 016-2010",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/firefighters-presumption-regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-11",
      "topic": "J11 Volunteer Firefighters",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers are OHS workers?": "Not applicable (career services)",
        "Compensation coverage of volunteers": "Federal employees under provincial rules",
        "Count toward committee threshold; may sit?": "Not applicable",
        "What a volunteer must show for the presumptions": "Provincial rules; tax credit needs 200 hours"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers are OHS workers?: Not applicable (career services); Compensation coverage of volunteers: Federal employees under provincial rules; Count toward committee threshold; may sit?: Not applicable; What a volunteer must show for the presumptions: Provincial rules; tax credit needs 200 hours",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government Employees Compensation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. G-5",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/g-5/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1 (5th Supp.)",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-3.3/section-118.06.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Weekly and before use",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "OHSR Part 31 (31.1-31.39)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Team of 2+; 1 outside; rescue team of 2+ before a 2nd entry team and within 10 min",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Tracking procedure plus 4 other mandatory written procedures"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Weekly and before use; Fire-service OHS rule: OHSR Part 31 (31.1-31.39); Entry team and outside rescue team: Team of 2+; 1 outside; rescue team of 2+ before a 2nd entry team and within 10 min; Command, accountability, written procedures: Tracking procedure plus 4 other mandatory written procedures",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2026a). Amendments to Part 31 (Firefighting) now in effect.",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/about-us/news-events/announcements/2026/September/amendments-to-part-31-firefighting-now-in-effect"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "None",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "None in law; 2019 guide",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "None",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "None in OHS law; guide expects IMS and accountability"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: None; Fire-service OHS rule: None in law; 2019 guide; Entry team and outside rescue team: None; Command, accountability, written procedures: None in OHS law; guide expects IMS and accountability",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2019). OHS guide for firefighting (FEX003).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/26730d34-5bae-4ed3-b044-9263c5511bb8/resource/0c585fed-73c4-4de4-9a48-a5ac0c37a496/download/lbr-fex003-ohs-guide-for-firefighting-2019.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2007). A code of practice for firefighters (FEX003).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/9103a604-94d6-4b9a-b2a2-d14eb7b6cd82/resource/ed951a26-7788-4cf5-95a2-89054474f681/download/fex003-may-2007.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation, Alta. Reg. 203/2018",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2018_203.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1550, Standard for emergency responder health and safety (consolidates NFPA 1500, 1521 and 1561).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1550-standard-development/1550"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Monthly and before use",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "OHSR Part 32 (32-1 to 32-13)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Teams; rescue team “readily available” outside; no size or time",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Written plan with IMS and accountability system"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Monthly and before use; Fire-service OHS rule: OHSR Part 32 (32-1 to 32-13); Entry team and outside rescue team: Teams; rescue team “readily available” outside; no size or time; Command, accountability, written procedures: Written plan with IMS and accountability system",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fire Safety Act, S.S. 2015, c. F-15.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/76411/formats/85690/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Weekly and before use",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "WSHR Part 42 (42.1-42.7)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Team; rescue team “readily available”; no size or time",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Written SOPs with resourcing table and accountability system; local IMS"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Weekly and before use; Fire-service OHS rule: WSHR Part 42 (42.1-42.7); Entry team and outside rescue team: Team; rescue team “readily available”; no size or time; Command, accountability, written procedures: Written SOPs with resourcing table and accountability system; local IMS",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act, C.C.S.M. c. F80",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f080.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "None in law; guidance requires it",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "O. Reg. 714/94 (equipment); 93 Section 21 guidance notes",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "None in law; guidance: RIT of 2+",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "None in law; guidance notes on command and accountability"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: None in law; guidance requires it; Fire-service OHS rule: O. Reg. 714/94 (equipment); 93 Section 21 guidance notes; Entry team and outside rescue team: None in law; guidance: RIT of 2+; Command, accountability, written procedures: None in law; guidance notes on command and accountability",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 833",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "None",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "None; ministry guides, 2025 orientations",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "None in OHS law; orientations recognize 4 firefighters for interior attack",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Fire Safety Act s. 39 command; CNESST orders"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: None; Fire-service OHS rule: None; ministry guides, 2025 orientations; Entry team and outside rescue team: None in OHS law; orientations recognize 4 firefighters for interior attack; Command, accountability, written procedures: Fire Safety Act s. 39 command; CNESST orders",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, CQLR c. S-3.4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2025). Aide-mémoire: orientations du ministre de la Sécurité publique en matière de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/securite-publique/publications-adm/publications-secteurs/securite-incendie/soutien-municipalites-incendie/aide-memoire-orientations-securite-incendie.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail [CNESST]. (2022a). [Investigation report EN004346: death of a firefighter during a river rescue, October 2021].",
          "url": "https://www.centredoc.cnesst.gouv.qc.ca/pdf/Enquete/ed004346.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2026). Guides de référence pour les services de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/securite-situations-urgence/securite-incendie/services-de-securite-incendie-et-municipalites/guides-de-reference-pour-les-services-de-securite-incendie"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Required, NFPA 1982 (1993 ed.); no test interval",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "Reg 91-191 Part VII.1 (equipment)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Buddy rule only",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Required, NFPA 1982 (1993 ed.); no test interval; Fire-service OHS rule: Reg 91-191 Part VII.1 (equipment); Entry team and outside rescue team: Buddy rule only; Command, accountability, written procedures: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Required (NFPA 1982); no test interval",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "OSGR Part 16 (equipment)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Buddy rule only",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "None; general and written-procedure duties"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Required (NFPA 1982); no test interval; Fire-service OHS rule: OSGR Part 16 (equipment); Entry team and outside rescue team: Buddy rule only; Command, accountability, written procedures: None; general and written-procedure duties",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "None",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "None",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Rescue-trained workers “immediately available”",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: None; Fire-service OHS rule: None; Entry team and outside rescue team: Rescue-trained workers “immediately available”; Command, accountability, written procedures: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1550, Standard for emergency responder health and safety (consolidates NFPA 1500, 1521 and 1561).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1550-standard-development/1550"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "None in law",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "None (scattered sections, provincial guidance)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Rescue-trained workers “immediately available”",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "None in law; provincial criteria"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: None in law; Fire-service OHS rule: None (scattered sections, provincial guidance); Entry team and outside rescue team: Rescue-trained workers “immediately available”; Command, accountability, written procedures: None in law; provincial criteria",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2013a). Municipal fire department assessment criteria. Fire and Emergency Services.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-municipal-firedepartmentassessmentcriteria.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2014). SCBA guidance document (rev. April 2014). Fire and Emergency Services.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-scbaguidancedocument2014.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Chief Regulations, N.L.R. 26/00",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc000026.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Weekly",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "WHS Regs Part 11 (11.01-11.26)",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Team of 2+; rescue team of 2+ outside; withdraw at 10 min",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Tracking procedure plus 4 others; IC and safety officer roles"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Weekly; Fire-service OHS rule: WHS Regs Part 11 (11.01-11.26); Entry team and outside rescue team: Team of 2+; rescue team of 2+ outside; withdraw at 10 min; Command, accountability, written procedures: Tracking procedure plus 4 others; IC and safety officer roles",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Monthly and before use",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "OHS Regs Part 32 (476-488); 2017 Code of Practice",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Teams; rescue team “readily available”; code: team solely for rescue",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Written plan with IMS and accountability; code detail"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Monthly and before use; Fire-service OHS rule: OHS Regs Part 32 (476-488); 2017 Code of Practice; Entry team and outside rescue team: Teams; rescue team “readily available”; code: team solely for rescue; Command, accountability, written procedures: Written plan with IMS and accountability; code detail",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "Monthly and before use",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "OHS Regs Part 32 (476-488); 2017 Code of Practice",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Same as Northwest Territories"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: Monthly and before use; Fire-service OHS rule: OHS Regs Part 32 (476-488); 2017 Code of Practice; Entry team and outside rescue team: Same as Northwest Territories; Command, accountability, written procedures: Same as Northwest Territories",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-12",
      "topic": "J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "PASS": "None",
        "Fire-service OHS rule": "None in COHSR; CARs Subpart 303 for airports",
        "Entry team and outside rescue team": "None",
        "Command, accountability, written procedures": "Employer policy; airport emergency plan"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "PASS: None; Fire-service OHS rule: None in COHSR; CARs Subpart 303 for airports; Entry team and outside rescue team: None; Command, accountability, written procedures: Employer policy; airport emergency plan",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Transport Canada. (2026). Standard 323: Aircraft fire fighting at airports and aerodromes (modified 2026-08-20).",
          "url": "https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/standards/standard-323-aircraft-fire-fighting-airports-aerodromes-canadian-aviation-regulations-cars"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "Positive-pressure SCBA, 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982 (1993)",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1-05/-15 or Z89.1; Z94.3-07/-15 or Z87.1-2015; Z195-M92 and others",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Helmet NFPA 1972 (1992); coat, trousers, hood NFPA 1971 (1991) or CGSB 155.1-M88; gloves NFPA 1973 (1988); later editions accepted"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: Positive-pressure SCBA, 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982 (1993); General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1-05/-15 or Z89.1; Z94.3-07/-15 or Z87.1-2015; Z195-M92 and others; Structural ensemble standard in law: Helmet NFPA 1972 (1992); coat, trousers, hood NFPA 1971 (1991) or CGSB 155.1-M88; gloves NFPA 1973 (1988); later editions accepted",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA 30 min, NIOSH or CSA; no PASS rule",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1-15/-05 or Z89.1-2003; Z94.3-15; Z195-14 or ASTM F2413-05",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Boots and helmets only (NFPA 1971-2007 or 1977-2005; boots also CSA Z195-14)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA 30 min, NIOSH or CSA; no PASS rule; General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1-15/-05 or Z89.1-2003; Z94.3-15; Z195-14 or ASTM F2413-05; Structural ensemble standard in law: Boots and helmets only (NFPA 1971-2007 or 1977-2005; boots also CSA Z195-14)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1950, Standard on personal protective equipment for technical rescue incidents, emergency medical operations, and wildland and urban interface firefighting (consolidates NFPA 1951, 1977 and 1999).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1950-standard-development/1950"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2019). OHS guide for firefighting (FEX003).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/26730d34-5bae-4ed3-b044-9263c5511bb8/resource/0c585fed-73c4-4de4-9a48-a5ac0c37a496/download/lbr-fex003-ohs-guide-for-firefighting-2019.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982 (2018)",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Approved list: Z94.1-15, Z89.1-2014; Z94.3:20, Z87.1-2020; Z195-14",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "“Approved” PPE; approved list names NFPA 1971 (2018), NFPA 1851 (2020)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982 (2018); General head, eye, foot standards: Approved list: Z94.1-15, Z89.1-2014; Z94.3:20, Z87.1-2020; Z195-14; Structural ensemble standard in law: “Approved” PPE; approved list names NFPA 1971 (2018), NFPA 1851 (2020)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2026). NFPA 1850, Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting and open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (consolidates NFPA 1851 and 1852).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1850-standard-development/1850"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982 (1998)",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1-15 or Z89.1-2003; Z94.3-15; Z195:14",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "None named; PPE “appropriate to the risks”"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982 (1998); General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1-15 or Z89.1-2003; Z94.3-15; Z195:14; Structural ensemble standard in law: None named; PPE “appropriate to the risks”",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "None in law; guidance NFPA 1970",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "No standard named (“appropriate in the circumstances”)",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Garments NFPA 1971 (2007); head protection “appropriate”"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: None in law; guidance NFPA 1970; General head, eye, foot standards: No standard named (“appropriate in the circumstances”); Structural ensemble standard in law: Garments NFPA 1971 (2007); head protection “appropriate”",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Industrial Establishments, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "NIOSH or CSA respirators; no PASS rule",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1 (most recent for new); Z94.3; Z195-14",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "None; NFPA 1970 is the recognized reference"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: NIOSH or CSA respirators; no PASS rule; General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1 (most recent for new); Z94.3; Z195-14; Structural ensemble standard in law: None; NFPA 1970 is the recognized reference",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA NFPA 1981 (1992); PASS NFPA 1982 (1993)",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1-15; Z94.3-15; Z195:14, each “or equivalent”",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Helmet NFPA 1972 (1992); boots NFPA 1974 (1992) or CSA Z195-M92; gloves NFPA 1973 (1993); coat and trousers NFPA 1971 (1991) or CGSB"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA NFPA 1981 (1992); PASS NFPA 1982 (1993); General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1-15; Z94.3-15; Z195:14, each “or equivalent”; Structural ensemble standard in law: Helmet NFPA 1972 (1992); boots NFPA 1974 (1992) or CSA Z195-M92; gloves NFPA 1973 (1993); coat and trousers NFPA 1971 (1991) or CGSB",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA NFPA 1981, hood NFPA 1971, PASS NFPA 1982 (latest)",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Latest Z94.1 or Z89.1; Z94.3; latest Z195",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Helmet, gloves, coat and trousers NFPA 1971 (latest); boots NFPA 1971 or CSA Z195 Grade 1"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA NFPA 1981, hood NFPA 1971, PASS NFPA 1982 (latest); General head, eye, foot standards: Latest Z94.1 or Z89.1; Z94.3; latest Z195; Structural ensemble standard in law: Helmet, gloves, coat and trousers NFPA 1971 (latest); boots NFPA 1971 or CSA Z195 Grade 1",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2026). NFPA 1850, Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting and open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (consolidates NFPA 1851 and 1852).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1850-standard-development/1850"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "No fire rule; no PASS rule",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1-15; Z94.3-15; Z195-14",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: No fire rule; no PASS rule; General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1-15; Z94.3-15; Z195-14; Structural ensemble standard in law: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2026). NFPA 1850, Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting and open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (consolidates NFPA 1851 and 1852).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1850-standard-development/1850"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "None in law",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1, Z94.3, Z195 (most current)",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Helmets for emergency responders to the applicable NFPA standard"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: None in law; General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1, Z94.3, Z195 (most current); Structural ensemble standard in law: Helmets for emergency responders to the applicable NFPA standard",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2013b). Structural fire fighting protective jacket and pants specification. Fire and Emergency Services.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-fes-bunker-gear-specification-2013.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1-05 or Z89.1-2003; Z94.3-02 or Z87.1-2003; Z195-02 or ANSI Z41",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "Full ensemble NFPA 1971 (current) or CGSB 155.1-2001"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA 30 min; PASS NFPA 1982; General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1-05 or Z89.1-2003; Z94.3-02 or Z87.1-2003; Z195-02 or ANSI Z41; Structural ensemble standard in law: Full ensemble NFPA 1971 (current) or CGSB 155.1-2001",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA 30 min; PASS “approved”",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "“Approved” equipment; no CSA standard named",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "“Approved” PPE appropriate to the hazards"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA 30 min; PASS “approved”; General head, eye, foot standards: “Approved” equipment; no CSA standard named; Structural ensemble standard in law: “Approved” PPE appropriate to the hazards",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2026). NFPA 1850, Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting and open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (consolidates NFPA 1851 and 1852).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1850-standard-development/1850"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "SCBA 30 min; PASS “approved”",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "“Approved” equipment; no CSA standard named",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "“Approved” PPE appropriate to the hazards"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: SCBA 30 min; PASS “approved”; General head, eye, foot standards: “Approved” equipment; no CSA standard named; Structural ensemble standard in law: “Approved” PPE appropriate to the hazards",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-13",
      "topic": "J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "SCBA and PASS standard in law": "None fire-specific",
        "General head, eye, foot standards": "Z94.1 or Z89.1; Z94.3; Z195 (as amended)",
        "Structural ensemble standard in law": "None; emergency rescue carve-out"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "SCBA and PASS standard in law: None fire-specific; General head, eye, foot standards: Z94.1 or Z89.1; Z94.3; Z195 (as amended); Structural ensemble standard in law: None; emergency rescue carve-out",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-18 for program; Z94.4-02 for fit-test method",
        "Medical clearance": "Physician exam where doubt; firefighter certificate in listed conditions",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Before first use, at least yearly, on change",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1-00; at least yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-18 for program; Z94.4-02 for fit-test method; Medical clearance: Physician exam where doubt; firefighter certificate in listed conditions; Fit test interval and method: Before first use, at least yearly, on change; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1-00; at least yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-02",
        "Medical clearance": "None in Code; screening per standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Every 2 years (official guidance on the standard); qualitative or quantitative",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1-00 Table 1; 6 months (guidance)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-02; Medical clearance: None in Code; screening per standard; Fit test interval and method: Every 2 years (official guidance on the standard); qualitative or quantitative; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1-00 Table 1; 6 months (guidance)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2020). Respiratory protective equipment: An employer’s guide (PPE001, updated March 2020).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/fc7d7a8d-973d-488f-b3bf-9a3fdeac9ffb/resource/003f4e0c-5c37-4c4c-8165-347d919718fa/download/lbr-respiratory-protective-equipment-guide-2020-03.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-18 (R2023), approved list",
        "Medical clearance": "Capability assessment to approved standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard: at least every 2 years",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Regulation: Z180.1-M85; approved list: Z180.1:19; no interval in regulation"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-18 (R2023), approved list; Medical clearance: Capability assessment to approved standard; Fit test interval and method: Standard: at least every 2 years; Breathing air standard and test interval: Regulation: Z180.1-M85; approved list: Z180.1:19; no interval in regulation",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-11 or newer",
        "Medical clearance": "None in regulation",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard: at least every 2 years",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1-13; interval from standard"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-11 or newer; Medical clearance: None in regulation; Fit test interval and method: Standard: at least every 2 years; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1-13; interval from standard",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-18 (fit-test methods)",
        "Medical clearance": "“Physically able”",
        "Fit test interval and method": "No interval in law; guidance: 2 years, quantitative for SCBA",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1-13 (R2018); compressor air every 6 months"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-18 (fit-test methods); Medical clearance: “Physically able”; Fit test interval and method: No interval in law; guidance: 2 years, quantitative for SCBA; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1-13 (R2018); compressor air every 6 months",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 833",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1550, Standard for emergency responder health and safety (consolidates NFPA 1500, 1521 and 1561).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1550-standard-development/1550"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-11 (September 2016)",
        "Medical clearance": "None in regulation",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard: at least every 2 years",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1 (no edition); every 6 months; register 5 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-11 (September 2016); Medical clearance: None in regulation; Fit test interval and method: Standard: at least every 2 years; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1 (no edition); every 6 months; register 5 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2026). Guides de référence pour les services de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/securite-situations-urgence/securite-incendie/services-de-securite-incendie-et-municipalites/guides-de-reference-pour-les-services-de-securite-incendie"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-11 (R2016)",
        "Medical clearance": "None in regulation",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard: at least every 2 years",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "SCBA: Z180.1-M85"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-11 (R2016); Medical clearance: None in regulation; Fit test interval and method: Standard: at least every 2 years; Breathing air standard and test interval: SCBA: Z180.1-M85",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Latest (Z94.4-18 (R2023))",
        "Medical clearance": "Via standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "SCBA users: annual, quantitative",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Latest Z180.1 (Z180.1:19); interval from standard"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Latest (Z94.4-18 (R2023)); Medical clearance: Via standard; Fit test interval and method: SCBA users: annual, quantitative; Breathing air standard and test interval: Latest Z180.1 (Z180.1:19); interval from standard",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-18",
        "Medical clearance": "Via standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard: at least every 2 years",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1-19; interval from standard"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-18; Medical clearance: Via standard; Fit test interval and method: Standard: at least every 2 years; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1-19; interval from standard",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Latest",
        "Medical clearance": "None in regulation",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard; qualitative or quantitative",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Latest Z180.1; guidance 6 months"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Latest; Medical clearance: None in regulation; Fit test interval and method: Standard; qualitative or quantitative; Breathing air standard and test interval: Latest Z180.1; guidance 6 months",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2014). SCBA guidance document (rev. April 2014). Fire and Emergency Services.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-scbaguidancedocument2014.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4-02 (selection)",
        "Medical clearance": "Physician certificate in listed conditions",
        "Fit test interval and method": "“As required”; firefighters to NFPA 1981 with PPE worn",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1-00; at least yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4-02 (selection); Medical clearance: Physician certificate in listed conditions; Fit test interval and method: “As required”; firefighters to NFPA 1981 with PPE worn; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1-00; at least yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1970, Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting, work apparel, open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for emergency services, and personal alert safety systems (PASS) (consolidates NFPA 1971, 1975, 1981 and 1982).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1970-standard-development/1970"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2026). NFPA 1850, Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting and open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (consolidates NFPA 1851 and 1852).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1850-standard-development/1850"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "None named (“approved manner”)",
        "Medical clearance": "Capability assessment to approved standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "No interval; code: all firefighters",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "“Approved purity”"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: None named (“approved manner”); Medical clearance: Capability assessment to approved standard; Fit test interval and method: No interval; code: all firefighters; Breathing air standard and test interval: “Approved purity”",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "None named (“approved manner”)",
        "Medical clearance": "Capability assessment to approved standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "No interval; code: all firefighters",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "“Approved purity”"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: None named (“approved manner”); Medical clearance: Capability assessment to approved standard; Fit test interval and method: No interval; code: all firefighters; Breathing air standard and test interval: “Approved purity”",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-14",
      "topic": "J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z94.4 edition": "Z94.4 as amended",
        "Medical clearance": "Via standard",
        "Fit test interval and method": "Standard: at least every 2 years",
        "Breathing air standard and test interval": "Z180.1 as amended"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z94.4 edition: Z94.4 as amended; Medical clearance: Via standard; Fit test interval and method: Standard: at least every 2 years; Breathing air standard and test interval: Z180.1 as amended",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Transport Canada. (2025a). CSA B339 [Web page; B339-25 in force 2025-08-01 under the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations, s. 5.10].",
          "url": "https://tc.canada.ca/en/dangerous-goods/csa-b339"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j14-respiratory-protection-fit-testing-and-breathing-air#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "Service life",
        "Fire aerial devices": "NFPA 1904 (1991); inspected, tested and certified every 12 months; NDT every 5 years under accepted NFPA 1911",
        "Fire ground ladders": "NFPA 1931/1932 (1989); guideline: monthly visual, annual service test",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Regular inspections; manufacturer’s instructions"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: Service life; Fire aerial devices: NFPA 1904 (1991); inspected, tested and certified every 12 months; NDT every 5 years under accepted NFPA 1911; Fire ground ladders: NFPA 1931/1932 (1989); guideline: monthly visual, annual service test; General equipment inspection rule: Regular inspections; manufacturer’s instructions",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No general period",
        "Fire aerial devices": "CSA C225-00 (R2005), aerial ladders included; no interval",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General ladder rules; no NFPA option",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Maintained; manufacturer’s or engineer’s specifications; yearly engineer certification where none"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No general period; Fire aerial devices: CSA C225-00 (R2005), aerial ladders included; no interval; Fire ground ladders: General ladder rules; no NFPA option; General equipment inspection rule: Maintained; manufacturer’s or engineer’s specifications; yearly engineer certification where none",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2026). Municipal firefighting vehicle permit: Information sheet (2026-05-27).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/8d5da4b7-a17f-486b-a766-d6dc628b57e5/resource/4634210f-1529-4b55-9e88-6e624ac1024d/download/tec-municipal-firefighting-vehicle-permit-information.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No period stated",
        "Fire aerial devices": "Approved standard (CSA C225:20, B354.6:17) or engineer; record tag",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General ladder rules",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Maintained at sufficient intervals; fire: competent person “as often as necessary”, signed record"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No period stated; Fire aerial devices: Approved standard (CSA C225:20, B354.6:17) or engineer; record tag; Fire ground ladders: General ladder rules; General equipment inspection rule: Maintained at sufficient intervals; fire: competent person “as often as necessary”, signed record",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "5 years default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "Fire rule s. 42.4(2); aerial devices CSA C225-10 with daily inspection",
        "Fire ground ladders": "CSA Z11-18 or ANSI A14",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Manufacturer’s specifications, regular intervals; fire: competent person, signed record"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: 5 years default; Fire aerial devices: Fire rule s. 42.4(2); aerial devices CSA C225-10 with daily inspection; Fire ground ladders: CSA Z11-18 or ANSI A14; General equipment inspection rule: Manufacturer’s specifications, regular intervals; fire: competent person, signed record",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act, C.C.S.M. c. F80",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f080.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default; aerials for device life",
        "Fire aerial devices": "Visual yearly; NDT every 5 years (NFPA 1914 (1991)); records for life",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General rule (Industrial Establishments [ON], 2026, s. 73); guidance",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Maintained in good condition"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; aerials for device life; Fire aerial devices: Visual yearly; NDT every 5 years (NFPA 1914 (1991)); records for life; Fire ground ladders: General rule (Industrial Establishments [ON], 2026, s. 73); guidance; General equipment inspection rule: Maintained in good condition",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Industrial Establishments, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851"
        },
        {
          "text": "Construction Projects, O. Reg. 213/91",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/910213"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "Ministry guide: annual tests; aerial baskets CSA C225",
        "Fire ground ladders": "CSA Z11",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "No general rule; ministry guide: annual tests"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; Fire aerial devices: Ministry guide: annual tests; aerial baskets CSA C225; Fire ground ladders: CSA Z11; General equipment inspection rule: No general rule; ministry guide: annual tests",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2026). Guides de référence pour les services de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/securite-situations-urgence/securite-incendie/services-de-securite-incendie-et-municipalites/guides-de-reference-pour-les-services-de-securite-incendie"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Code for the construction industry, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%204"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "NFPA 1904 (1991) or ULC S515-M88 or engineer",
        "Fire ground ladders": "NFPA 1931/1932 (1994)",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Tools before use; machines regularly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; Fire aerial devices: NFPA 1904 (1991) or ULC S515-M88 or engineer; Fire ground ladders: NFPA 1931/1932 (1994); General equipment inspection rule: Tools before use; machines regularly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "2 years; 5-year default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "NFPA 1914 (latest) or ULC S515 or engineer; fire EWPs NFPA 1901/1911",
        "Fire ground ladders": "NFPA 1931/1932 (latest)",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "User before each use; competent person yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: 2 years; 5-year default; Fire aerial devices: NFPA 1914 (latest) or ULC S515 or engineer; fire EWPs NFPA 1901/1911; Fire ground ladders: NFPA 1931/1932 (latest); General equipment inspection rule: User before each use; competent person yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "None",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General rule",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Tools before use; machinery regularly; mobile equipment pre-shift"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; Fire aerial devices: None; Fire ground ladders: General rule; General equipment inspection rule: Tools before use; machinery regularly; mobile equipment pre-shift",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default; mobile equipment records",
        "Fire aerial devices": "NFPA 1911 (2007); other aerials CSA C225",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General rule",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Manufacturer, standard or engineer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; mobile equipment records; Fire aerial devices: NFPA 1911 (2007); other aerials CSA C225; Fire ground ladders: General rule; General equipment inspection rule: Manufacturer, standard or engineer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "NFPA 1901; inspected, tested, certified every 12 months to NFPA 1914",
        "Fire ground ladders": "NFPA 1931/1932",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Tools before use; mobile equipment with logs"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; Fire aerial devices: NFPA 1901; inspected, tested, certified every 12 months to NFPA 1914; Fire ground ladders: NFPA 1931/1932; General equipment inspection rule: Tools before use; mobile equipment with logs",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "Approved standard or engineer; record tag",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General rule",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Maintained at sufficient intervals; fire: competent person, signed record"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; Fire aerial devices: Approved standard or engineer; record tag; Fire ground ladders: General rule; General equipment inspection rule: Maintained at sufficient intervals; fire: competent person, signed record",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "No default",
        "Fire aerial devices": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Fire ground ladders": "General rule",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Same as Northwest Territories"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: No default; Fire aerial devices: Same as Northwest Territories; Fire ground ladders: General rule; General equipment inspection rule: Same as Northwest Territories",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-15",
      "topic": "J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Records retention": "Inspection reports 1 year",
        "Fire aerial devices": "No fire rule",
        "Fire ground ladders": "CSA CAN3-Z11-M81",
        "General equipment inspection rule": "Defective tools tagged; materials handling equipment per written instructions"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Records retention: Inspection reports 1 year; Fire aerial devices: No fire rule; Fire ground ladders: CSA CAN3-Z11-M81; General equipment inspection rule: Defective tools tagged; materials handling equipment per written instructions",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1910, Standard for the inspection, maintenance, refurbishment, testing, and retirement of in-service emergency vehicles and marine firefighting vessels (consolidates NFPA 1071, 1911, 1912 and 1925).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1910-standard-development/1910"
        },
        {
          "text": "Transport Canada. (2026). Standard 323: Aircraft fire fighting at airports and aerodromes (modified 2026-08-20).",
          "url": "https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/standards/standard-323-aircraft-fire-fighting-airports-aerodromes-canadian-aviation-regulations-cars"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j15-equipment-inspection-ladders-and-aerial-devices#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m, or less where the risk is greater",
        "Emergency relief": "Incident commander may depart from Part 11; aerial and rope rules still apply",
        "Training interval": "Before exposure; no interval (rescue: regular retraining)",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan at 7.5 m without permanent guardrails, or when procedures replace equipment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m, or less where the risk is greater; Emergency relief: Incident commander may depart from Part 11; aerial and rope rules still apply; Training interval: Before exposure; no interval (rescue: regular retraining); Written plan or procedure: Plan at 7.5 m without permanent guardrails, or when procedures replace equipment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2026a). Amendments to Part 31 (Firefighting) now in effect.",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/about-us/news-events/announcements/2026/September/amendments-to-part-31-firefighting-now-in-effect"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2026b). Preparing for regulatory updates. WorkSafe Magazine, fall 2026.",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/about-us/news-events/worksafe-magazine/articles/2026/fall/preparing-for-regulatory-updates"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; over 1.2 m at permanent work areas",
        "Emergency relief": "Rescue personnel, including in training, may use other equipment and practices",
        "Training interval": "Before use; no interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan at 3 m without guardrails"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; over 1.2 m at permanent work areas; Emergency relief: Rescue personnel, including in training, may use other equipment and practices; Training interval: Before use; no interval; Written plan or procedure: Plan at 3 m without guardrails",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2019). OHS guide for firefighting (FEX003).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/26730d34-5bae-4ed3-b044-9263c5511bb8/resource/0c585fed-73c4-4de4-9a48-a5ac0c37a496/download/lbr-fex003-ohs-guide-for-firefighting-2019.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; guardrails 1.2 to 3 m at permanent areas",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Training interval": "Before work; no interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan at 3 m without guardrail, with rescue"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; guardrails 1.2 to 3 m at permanent areas; Emergency relief: None; Training interval: Before work; no interval; Written plan or procedure: Plan at 3 m without guardrail, with rescue",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; 1.2 m beside wheelbarrow paths",
        "Emergency relief": "None in Part 14; rope access Part excludes firefighters",
        "Training interval": "Before use; no interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Written safe work procedures whenever Part 14 applies"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; 1.2 m beside wheelbarrow paths; Emergency relief: None in Part 14; rope access Part excludes firefighters; Training interval: Before use; no interval; Written plan or procedure: Written safe work procedures whenever Part 14 applies",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "More than 3 m (industrial)",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Training interval": "Construction only: approved training valid 3 years",
        "Written plan or procedure": "None outside construction projects"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: More than 3 m (industrial); Emergency relief: None; Training interval: Construction only: approved training valid 3 years; Written plan or procedure: None outside construction projects",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Industrial Establishments, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851"
        },
        {
          "text": "Construction Projects, O. Reg. 213/91",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/910213"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Awareness and Training, O. Reg. 297/13",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130297"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighter Certification, O. Reg. 343/22",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r22343"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "More than 3 m; 1.5 m into tanks or vats",
        "Emergency relief": "None found",
        "Training interval": "None found",
        "Written plan or procedure": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: More than 3 m; 1.5 m into tanks or vats; Emergency relief: None found; Training interval: None found; Written plan or procedure: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2022). NFPA 2500, Standard for operations and training for technical search and rescue incidents and life safety rope and equipment for emergency services (consolidates NFPA 1670, 1858 and 1983).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-2500-standard-development/2500"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; any height over a hazard",
        "Emergency relief": "Lifted during structural fire-fighting; not for training",
        "Training interval": "Competent trainer, records, annual review of retraining need",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Code of practice at 7.5 m and for rope access other than emergency rescue"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; any height over a hazard; Emergency relief: Lifted during structural fire-fighting; not for training; Training interval: Competent trainer, records, annual review of retraining need; Written plan or procedure: Code of practice at 7.5 m and for rope access other than emergency rescue",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; any height over a hazard",
        "Emergency relief": "No site plan needed at an emergency if procedure, rope access code and training exist",
        "Training interval": "Every 3 years, with a card",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Procedure under 7.5 m; site plan at 7.5 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; any height over a hazard; Emergency relief: No site plan needed at an emergency if procedure, rope access code and training exist; Training interval: Every 3 years, with a card; Written plan or procedure: Procedure under 7.5 m; site plan at 7.5 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; any height over a hazard",
        "Emergency relief": "None (Director may waive)",
        "Training interval": "Before use; no interval; records kept 2 years after employment",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan whenever fall arrest or a net is used"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; any height over a hazard; Emergency relief: None (Director may waive); Training interval: Before use; no interval; records kept 2 years after employment; Written plan or procedure: Plan whenever fall arrest or a net is used",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act Fall Protection Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC633/04",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o01-01-1-occupational_health_and_safety_act_fall_protection_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o01-01-1-occupational_health_and_safety_act_fall_protection_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; any height over a hazard",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Training interval": "Prescribed program; certificates valid 3 years",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan whenever fall arrest or a net is used"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; any height over a hazard; Emergency relief: None; Training interval: Prescribed program; certificates valid 3 years; Written plan or procedure: Plan whenever fall arrest or a net is used",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkplaceNL. (2026). Upcoming changes to fall protection certification training standard and courses.",
          "url": "https://workplacenl.ca/article/upcoming-changes-to-fall-protection-certification-training-standard-and-courses/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m, or less with unusual risk",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Training interval": "No interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan at 7.5 m without permanent guardrails"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m, or less with unusual risk; Emergency relief: None; Training interval: No interval; Written plan or procedure: Plan at 7.5 m without permanent guardrails",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; guardrails 1.2 to 3 m at permanent sites",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Training interval": "Before work; no interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan at 3 m without guardrails"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; guardrails 1.2 to 3 m at permanent sites; Emergency relief: None; Training interval: Before work; no interval; Written plan or procedure: Plan at 3 m without guardrails",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m; guardrails 1.2 to 3 m at permanent sites",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Training interval": "Before work; no interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan at 3 m without guardrails"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m; guardrails 1.2 to 3 m at permanent sites; Emergency relief: None; Training interval: Before work; no interval; Written plan or procedure: Plan at 3 m without guardrails",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-16",
      "topic": "J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Trigger height": "3 m (2.4 m before 2019-06-25)",
        "Emergency relief": "Emergency rescue PPE carve-out only",
        "Training interval": "Training on the plan; no interval",
        "Written plan or procedure": "Plan before work begins"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Trigger height: 3 m (2.4 m before 2019-06-25); Emergency relief: Emergency rescue PPE carve-out only; Training interval: Training on the plan; no interval; Written plan or procedure: Plan before work begins",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j16-fall-protection-and-rope-access#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "No band; deficient below 19.5%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "None general; two narrow carve-outs",
        "Flammable entry limit": "Below 20% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permit signed by supervisor, kept 1 year",
        "Training or drill interval": "Rescue drill at least annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: No band; deficient below 19.5%; Firefighter exemption: None general; two narrow carve-outs; Flammable entry limit: Below 20% LEL; Permit or certificate: Permit signed by supervisor, kept 1 year; Training or drill interval: Rescue drill at least annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23.0%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Only the 20% LEL ban, for an emergency responder",
        "Flammable entry limit": "No work above 20% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permit by competent person",
        "Training or drill interval": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23.0%; Firefighter exemption: Only the 20% LEL ban, for an emergency responder; Flammable entry limit: No work above 20% LEL; Permit or certificate: Permit by competent person; Training or drill interval: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2019). OHS guide for firefighting (FEX003).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/26730d34-5bae-4ed3-b044-9263c5511bb8/resource/0c585fed-73c4-4de4-9a48-a5ac0c37a496/download/lbr-fex003-ohs-guide-for-firefighting-2019.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Only the 20% LEL ban, for trained firefighters",
        "Flammable entry limit": "No entry above 20% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "No permit; written plan and report",
        "Training or drill interval": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: Only the 20% LEL ban, for trained firefighters; Flammable entry limit: No entry above 20% LEL; Permit or certificate: No permit; written plan and report; Training or drill interval: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Only the 10% LEL entry ban, when responding to an emergency",
        "Flammable entry limit": "Below 10% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permit for hazardous spaces",
        "Training or drill interval": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: Only the 10% LEL entry ban, when responding to an emergency; Flammable entry limit: Below 10% LEL; Permit or certificate: Permit for hazardous spaces; Training or drill interval: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Most sections, for emergency work; training still applies",
        "Flammable entry limit": "25% inspection, 10% cold work, 5% hot work",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permit for each entry",
        "Training or drill interval": "Training reviewed at least annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: Most sections, for emergency work; training still applies; Flammable entry limit: 25% inspection, 10% cold work, 5% hot work; Permit or certificate: Permit for each entry; Training or drill interval: Training reviewed at least annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Confined Spaces, O. Reg. 632/05",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/050632"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighter Certification, O. Reg. 343/22",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r22343"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/050632",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "None",
        "Flammable entry limit": "5% LEL or less",
        "Permit or certificate": "Written information and measures (no named permit)",
        "Training or drill interval": "None fixed; rescue plan tested by exercises"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: None; Flammable entry limit: 5% LEL or less; Permit or certificate: Written information and measures (no named permit); Training or drill interval: None fixed; rescue plan tested by exercises",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Whole Part, during structural fire-fighting or rescue",
        "Flammable entry limit": "50% inspection, 10% cold work, 5% hot work",
        "Permit or certificate": "Code of practice as permit, kept 2 years",
        "Training or drill interval": "Simulated rescue at least yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: Whole Part, during structural fire-fighting or rescue; Flammable entry limit: 50% inspection, 10% cold work, 5% hot work; Permit or certificate: Code of practice as permit, kept 2 years; Training or drill interval: Simulated rescue at least yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2022). NFPA 2500, Standard for operations and training for technical search and rescue incidents and life safety rope and equipment for emergency services (consolidates NFPA 1670, 1858 and 1983).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-2500-standard-development/2500"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 22.5%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Most sections, for trained members in structural fire-fighting or rescue",
        "Flammable entry limit": "Below 50%; only inspection or cleaning above 10%",
        "Permit or certificate": "Certificate valid 24 hours, kept 12 months",
        "Training or drill interval": "Rescuers yearly; entrants every 2 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 22.5%; Firefighter exemption: Most sections, for trained members in structural fire-fighting or rescue; Flammable entry limit: Below 50%; only inspection or cleaning above 10%; Permit or certificate: Certificate valid 24 hours, kept 12 months; Training or drill interval: Rescuers yearly; entrants every 2 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "None",
        "Flammable entry limit": "50% inspection or cleaning, 10% cold work",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permanent written record works as permit",
        "Training or drill interval": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: None; Flammable entry limit: 50% inspection or cleaning, 10% cold work; Permit or certificate: Permanent written record works as permit; Training or drill interval: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "20% to 22%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "None",
        "Flammable entry limit": "Below 10%; task limits 25%, 10%, 5%",
        "Permit or certificate": "Written work permit at the portal",
        "Training or drill interval": "Prescribed program (interval not read)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 20% to 22%; Firefighter exemption: None; Flammable entry limit: Below 10%; task limits 25%, 10%, 5%; Permit or certificate: Written work permit at the portal; Training or drill interval: Prescribed program (interval not read)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "Deficient below 19.5%; enriched above 23.5%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "None",
        "Flammable entry limit": "Below 20% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permit for high hazard, kept 1 year",
        "Training or drill interval": "Rescue drill at least annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: Deficient below 19.5%; enriched above 23.5%; Firefighter exemption: None; Flammable entry limit: Below 20% LEL; Permit or certificate: Permit for high hazard, kept 1 year; Training or drill interval: Rescue drill at least annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Only the 20% LEL ban, for trained firefighters",
        "Flammable entry limit": "No entry above 20% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "No permit; written plan and report",
        "Training or drill interval": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: Only the 20% LEL ban, for trained firefighters; Flammable entry limit: No entry above 20% LEL; Permit or certificate: No permit; written plan and report; Training or drill interval: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2016). Code of practice: Confined spaces (2016-05-31).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/health-safety/ohs-information/codes-practice"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "Only the 20% LEL ban, for trained firefighters",
        "Flammable entry limit": "No entry above 20% LEL",
        "Permit or certificate": "No permit; written plan and report",
        "Training or drill interval": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: Only the 20% LEL ban, for trained firefighters; Flammable entry limit: No entry above 20% LEL; Permit or certificate: No permit; written plan and report; Training or drill interval: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-17",
      "topic": "J17 Confined Space",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Oxygen range": "19.5% to 23%",
        "Firefighter exemption": "None (PPE carve-out only)",
        "Flammable entry limit": "Below 50%; 10% with an ignition source",
        "Permit or certificate": "Permit if the assessment requires",
        "Training or drill interval": "Annual refresher for a rescue person; reassess every 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Oxygen range: 19.5% to 23%; Firefighter exemption: None (PPE carve-out only); Flammable entry limit: Below 50%; 10% with an ignition source; Permit or certificate: Permit if the assessment requires; Training or drill interval: Annual refresher for a rescue person; reassess every 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j17-confined-space#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "60 cm (trench); 1.2 m (other)",
        "Trigger depth": "1.2 m (and closer than the depth to a side)",
        "Engineer required": "Over 6 m, adjacent structures, vibration, water, steep ground; P.Eng. for support structures",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 8 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 60 cm (trench); 1.2 m (other); Trigger depth: 1.2 m (and closer than the depth to a side); Engineer required: Over 6 m, adjacent structures, vibration, water, steep ground; P.Eng. for support structures; Ladder or exit spacing: Within 8 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2026b). Preparing for regulatory updates. WorkSafe Magazine, fall 2026.",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/about-us/news-events/worksafe-magazine/articles/2026/fall/preparing-for-regulatory-updates"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "More than 1.5 m (and closer than the depth to the wall)",
        "Engineer required": "Temporary protective structures over 3 m",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 8 m (trench over 1.5 m)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: More than 1.5 m (and closer than the depth to the wall); Engineer required: Temporary protective structures over 3 m; Ladder or exit spacing: Within 8 m (trench over 1.5 m)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "More than 1.2 m",
        "Engineer required": "Excavation shoring over 3 m; trench over 6 m (types 1 to 3) or 4 m (type 4)",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 8 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: More than 1.2 m; Engineer required: Excavation shoring over 3 m; trench over 6 m (types 1 to 3) or 4 m (type 4); Ladder or exit spacing: Within 8 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "More than 1.5 m",
        "Engineer required": "Open excavation over 3 m; trench over 4.5 m",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "No more than 3 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: More than 1.5 m; Engineer required: Open excavation over 3 m; trench over 4.5 m; Ladder or exit spacing: No more than 3 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m clear level area",
        "Trigger depth": "1.2 m (construction projects)",
        "Engineer required": "Prefabricated, hydraulic and engineered systems; trench over 6 m deep or 3.6 m wide",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Inside the protected area; no spacing"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m clear level area; Trigger depth: 1.2 m (construction projects); Engineer required: Prefabricated, hydraulic and engineered systems; trench over 6 m deep or 3.6 m wide; Ladder or exit spacing: Inside the protected area; no spacing",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Construction Projects, O. Reg. 213/91",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/910213"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighter Certification, O. Reg. 343/22",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r22343"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/910213",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "Materials 1.2 m; vehicles 3 m",
        "Trigger depth": "Shoring unless sloped under 45° from a point less than 1.2 m above the bottom (construction sites)",
        "Engineer required": "Shoring to an engineer’s plans",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Every 15 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: Materials 1.2 m; vehicles 3 m; Trigger depth: Shoring unless sloped under 45° from a point less than 1.2 m above the bottom (construction sites); Engineer required: Shoring to an engineer’s plans; Ladder or exit spacing: Every 15 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Code for the construction industry, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%204"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%204",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1.2 m",
        "Trigger depth": "1.2 m",
        "Engineer required": "All shoring, bracing or caging certified",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "No more than 15 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1.2 m; Trigger depth: 1.2 m; Engineer required: All shoring, bracing or caging certified; Ladder or exit spacing: No more than 15 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "Walls over 1.2 m",
        "Engineer required": "Steeper slopes, trench cages, shoring (or manufactured)",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 15 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: Walls over 1.2 m; Engineer required: Steeper slopes, trench cages, shoring (or manufactured); Ladder or exit spacing: Within 15 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "609 mm (2 ft)",
        "Trigger depth": "1.219 m (4 ft)",
        "Engineer required": "All shoring and bracing certified",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 15.24 m (50 ft)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 609 mm (2 ft); Trigger depth: 1.219 m (4 ft); Engineer required: All shoring and bracing certified; Ladder or exit spacing: Within 15.24 m (50 ft)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1.22 m (trench); 1.52 m (pit)",
        "Trigger depth": "Over 1.22 m",
        "Engineer required": "None found",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "In the immediate work area; no spacing"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1.22 m (trench); 1.52 m (pit); Trigger depth: Over 1.22 m; Engineer required: None found; Ladder or exit spacing: In the immediate work area; no spacing",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "0.6 m (trench); 1.2 m (other)",
        "Trigger depth": "Deeper than 1.2 m",
        "Engineer required": "Over 6 m, adjacent structures, water, vibration, permafrost",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 8 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 0.6 m (trench); 1.2 m (other); Trigger depth: Deeper than 1.2 m; Engineer required: Over 6 m, adjacent structures, water, vibration, permafrost; Ladder or exit spacing: Within 8 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "More than 1.2 m",
        "Engineer required": "Excavation over 3 m; trench over 6 m (types 1 to 3) or 4 m (type 4)",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 8 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: More than 1.2 m; Engineer required: Excavation over 3 m; trench over 6 m (types 1 to 3) or 4 m (type 4); Ladder or exit spacing: Within 8 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "More than 1.2 m",
        "Engineer required": "As Northwest Territories",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "Within 8 m"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: More than 1.2 m; Engineer required: As Northwest Territories; Ladder or exit spacing: Within 8 m",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-18",
      "topic": "J18 Excavation and Trench",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Spoil setback": "1 m",
        "Trigger depth": "More than 1.4 m with sides at 45° or more",
        "Engineer required": "None (qualified person installs)",
        "Ladder or exit spacing": "No rule"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Spoil setback: 1 m; Trigger depth: More than 1.4 m with sides at 45° or more; Engineer required: None (qualified person installs); Ladder or exit spacing: No rule",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2021). NFPA 1006, Standard for technical rescue personnel professional qualifications.",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1006-standard-development/1006"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2022). NFPA 2500, Standard for operations and training for technical search and rescue incidents and life safety rope and equipment for emergency services (consolidates NFPA 1670, 1858 and 1983).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-2500-standard-development/2500"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j18-excavation-and-trench#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "Part 10",
        "Approach, highest band": "6 m (to 550 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "C22.1-24 from 2025-03-04",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "Yes, for workers with a Board-approved course"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: Part 10; Approach, highest band: 6 m (to 550 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: C22.1-24 from 2025-03-04; Emergency relief from approach limits: Yes, for workers with a Board-approved course",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Technical Safety BC. (2024). Information bulletin IB-EL 2024-01: Adoption of BC Electrical Code, 2024 edition (2024-06-11).",
          "url": "https://technicalsafetybc.ca/regulatory-resources/regulatory-notices/information-bulletin-adoption-of-bc-electrical-code-2024-edition"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2026b). Preparing for regulatory updates. WorkSafe Magazine, fall 2026.",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/about-us/news-events/worksafe-magazine/articles/2026/fall/preparing-for-regulatory-updates"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "Part 15",
        "Approach, highest band": "7.0 m (500 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3.0 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "2024 edition",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: Part 15; Approach, highest band: 7.0 m (500 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3.0 m; Electrical code adopted: 2024 edition; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "ss. 10-6, 10-7",
        "Approach, highest band": "6.1 m (230 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: ss. 10-6, 10-7; Approach, highest band: 6.1 m (230 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "ss. 16.14-16.17",
        "Approach, highest band": "No table",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "No table; 3 m triggers utility notice",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: ss. 16.14-16.17; Approach, highest band: No table; Approach at about 25 kV: No table; 3 m triggers utility notice; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "Reg. 851 ss. 42, 75-76",
        "Approach, highest band": "6 m (over 250 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m (equipment)",
        "Electrical code adopted": "C22.1:24 with Ontario amendments",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: Reg. 851 ss. 42, 75-76; Approach, highest band: 6 m (over 250 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m (equipment); Electrical code adopted: C22.1:24 with Ontario amendments; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Industrial Establishments, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851"
        },
        {
          "text": "Construction Projects, O. Reg. 213/91",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/910213"
        },
        {
          "text": "Electrical Safety Code, O. Reg. 164/99",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/990164"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "RSST ss. 195-207",
        "Approach, highest band": "12 m (over 550 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: RSST ss. 195-207; Approach, highest band: 12 m (over 550 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Code for the construction industry, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%204"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "ss. 239-240",
        "Approach, highest band": "6.1 m (to 345 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3.6 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: ss. 239-240; Approach, highest band: 6.1 m (to 345 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3.6 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "OSGR ss. 51-54",
        "Approach, highest band": "6 m (over 138 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "C22.1:24 from 2024-07-02, no amendments",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: OSGR ss. 51-54; Approach, highest band: 6 m (over 138 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: C22.1:24 from 2024-07-02, no amendments; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Nova Scotia Department of Labour, Skills and Immigration. (2024a). Safety bulletin 0000035: Adoption of the 2024 Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1, 26th edition (issued 2024-07-05).",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/lae/healthandsafety/docs/safety-bulletin-0000035-en.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "ss. 30.6-30.7",
        "Approach, highest band": "6.1 m (to 345 kV); utility above",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3.6 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: ss. 30.6-30.7; Approach, highest band: 6.1 m (to 345 kV); utility above; Approach at about 25 kV: 3.6 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "Part IX",
        "Approach, highest band": "6 m (to 550 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "Yes, for workers with an approved course"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: Part IX; Approach, highest band: 6 m (to 550 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: Yes, for workers with an approved course",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "Part 3",
        "Approach, highest band": "7.0 m (500 kV and unknown voltage)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3.0 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "Precautions only; no exemption"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: Part 3; Approach, highest band: 7.0 m (500 kV and unknown voltage); Approach at about 25 kV: 3.0 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: Precautions only; no exemption",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "s. 147",
        "Approach, highest band": "6.1 m (230 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: s. 147; Approach, highest band: 6.1 m (230 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "s. 147",
        "Approach, highest band": "6.1 m (230 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: s. 147; Approach, highest band: 6.1 m (230 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m; Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-19",
      "topic": "J19 Lockout, Machine Guarding and Electrical Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Lockout provisions": "s. 13.16; ss. 8.12-8.18",
        "Approach, highest band": "9 m (to 400 kV)",
        "Approach at about 25 kV": "3 m (non-qualified)",
        "Electrical code adopted": "Not confirmed",
        "Emergency relief from approach limits": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Lockout provisions: s. 13.16; ss. 8.12-8.18; Approach, highest band: 9 m (to 400 kV); Approach at about 25 kV: 3 m (non-qualified); Electrical code adopted: Not confirmed; Emergency relief from approach limits: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j19-lockout-machine-guarding-and-electrical-safety#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OHSR Part 4",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based (BC codes 2024), from 2024-03-08",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "Local exhaust venting required unless monitoring shows levels below limits",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Operating permit; design registration; yearly relief valve test"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OHSR Part 4; Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based (BC codes 2024), from 2024-03-08; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: Local exhaust venting required unless monitoring shows levels below limits; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Operating permit; design registration; yearly relief valve test",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, S.B.C. 2016, c. 19",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/16019"
        },
        {
          "text": "Technical Safety BC. (2026). Information bulletin IB-BP 2026-01: Air receivers (2026-05-27).",
          "url": "https://www.technicalsafetybc.ca/regulatory-resources/regulatory-notices/information-bulletin-air-receivers"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OHS Code (access, stairs, guardrails, sanitation, decontamination)",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based (2023 Alberta editions), from 2024-05-01",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Exempt at 42.5 L or less; larger vessels under the pressure equipment regulation"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OHS Code (access, stairs, guardrails, sanitation, decontamination); Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based (2023 Alberta editions), from 2024-05-01; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Exempt at 42.5 L or less; larger vessels under the pressure equipment regulation",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "ABSA. (2024). AB-529: Pressure equipment exemption order user guide (Rev. 5, 2024-10-17).",
          "url": "https://www.absa.ca/media/1187/ab-529pressureequipmentexemptionorderuserguide.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1585, Standard for exposure and contamination control (first edition).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1585-standard-development/1585"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OHS Regulations Part 6 and Part 9",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NFC 2020 (2023); NBC 2020",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "Diesel exhaust a designated substance: engineering controls",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boiler and pressure vessel statute; build and maintain properly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OHS Regulations Part 6 and Part 9; Building and fire codes in force: NFC 2020 (2023); NBC 2020; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: Diesel exhaust a designated substance: engineering controls; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boiler and pressure vessel statute; build and maintain properly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fire Safety Regulations, R.R.S. c. F-15.11, Reg. 1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/76861"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "WSH Regulation Part 4 and Part 13",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2024-01-01",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Steam and pressure plants statute"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: WSH Regulation Part 4 and Part 13; Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2024-01-01; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Steam and pressure plants statute",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act, C.C.S.M. c. F80",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f080.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "Reg. 851 (if a station is an industrial establishment)",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "Ontario Building Code (NBC 2020 based); Ontario Fire Code",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No rule; guidance note on diesel exhaust",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Technical standards statute"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: Reg. 851 (if a station is an industrial establishment); Building and fire codes in force: Ontario Building Code (NBC 2020 based); Ontario Fire Code; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No rule; guidance note on diesel exhaust; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Technical standards statute",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Industrial Establishments, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 851",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900851",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "RSST (floors, guardrails, ventilation, evacuation, sanitation)",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2025-04-17",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Building Act regime"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: RSST (floors, guardrails, ventilation, evacuation, sanitation); Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2025-04-17; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Building Act regime",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "Reg. 91-191 (floors, stairs, guardrails, lighting, ventilation, sanitation)",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020, from 2025 (date conflict)",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: Reg. 91-191 (floors, stairs, guardrails, lighting, ventilation, sanitation); Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020, from 2025 (date conflict); Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OSGR Part 13 and Part 4; WHSR guardrails",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2025-04-01",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No rule; exposure limits apply",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Pressure equipment regulations"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OSGR Part 13 and Part 4; WHSR guardrails; Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2025-04-01; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No rule; exposure limits apply; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Pressure equipment regulations",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 48/2003",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/fsfiresf.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "General Regulations; Fall Protection Regulations",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020, from 2024-03-31",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: General Regulations; Fall Protection Regulations; Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020, from 2024-03-31; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act Fall Protection Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC633/04",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o01-01-1-occupational_health_and_safety_act_fall_protection_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1585, Standard for exposure and contamination control (first edition).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1585-standard-development/1585"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OHS Regulations, 2012",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "Automatic adoption; NBC 2025 and NFC 2025 from 2026-07-12",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boiler, pressure vessel and compressed gas statute"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OHS Regulations, 2012; Building and fire codes in force: Automatic adoption; NBC 2025 and NFC 2025 from 2026-07-12; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boiler, pressure vessel and compressed gas statute",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Protection Services Regulations, N.L.R. 45/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120045.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "WHS Regs Part 1; Workplace Health Regulations",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2023-04-01",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "Local exhaust venting required unless levels below limits",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boiler and pressure vessels statute"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: WHS Regs Part 1; Workplace Health Regulations; Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020 based, from 2023-04-01; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: Local exhaust venting required unless levels below limits; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boiler and pressure vessels statute",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 89",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0089/2002-0089.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OHS Regulations",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2020 and NFC 2020, from 2024-10-01",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boilers and pressure vessels statute; build and maintain properly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OHS Regulations; Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2020 and NFC 2020, from 2024-10-01; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boilers and pressure vessels statute; build and maintain properly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. F-6",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "OHS Regulations (same numbering as NWT)",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC 2015 and NFC 2015; 2020 editions to be confirmed",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "Boilers and pressure vessels statute"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: OHS Regulations (same numbering as NWT); Building and fire codes in force: NBC 2015 and NFC 2015; 2020 editions to be confirmed; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): Boilers and pressure vessels statute",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. F-6",
          "url": "https://nunavutlegislation.ca/en/file-download/download/public/7243"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-20",
      "topic": "J20 Stations, Premises and Building Codes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "OHS premises rules": "COHSR Parts II, VI, IX, XVII",
        "Building and fire codes in force": "NBC (as amended) for new buildings; NFC 2020 from 2027-01-30",
        "Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays": "No specific rule",
        "Pressure equipment (air receivers)": "COHSR Part V: receivers inspected yearly outside, every 5 years inside"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "OHS premises rules: COHSR Parts II, VI, IX, XVII; Building and fire codes in force: NBC (as amended) for new buildings; NFC 2020 from 2027-01-30; Vehicle exhaust in apparatus bays: No specific rule; Pressure equipment (air receivers): COHSR Part V: receivers inspected yearly outside, every 5 years inside",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j20-stations-premises-and-building-codes#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "OHS Regulation ss. 5.3-5.19",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-663-3456",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Inventory by qualified person; certificate for workers, licence for contractors"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: OHS Regulation ss. 5.3-5.19; 24-hour release line: 1-800-663-3456; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Inventory by qualified person; certificate for workers, licence for contractors",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "No interval in Code",
        "WHMIS regulation": "OHS Code Part 29",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-222-6514",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Removal before demolition; Director notified 72 h ahead; approved course for restricted areas"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: No interval in Code; WHMIS regulation: OHS Code Part 29; 24-hour release line: 1-800-222-6514; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Removal before demolition; Director notified 72 h ahead; approved course for restricted areas",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "SEA ss. 3-47 to 3-51; OHS Regs Part 22",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-667-7525",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Written record of asbestos materials; 14 days’ notice of high-risk work"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: SEA ss. 3-47 to 3-51; OHS Regs Part 22; 24-hour release line: 1-800-667-7525; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Written record of asbestos materials; 14 days’ notice of high-risk work",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "WSH Regulation Part 35",
        "24-hour release line": "204-944-4888; 1-855-944-4888",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Inventory and annual condition check; certification from 2027-06-01"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: WSH Regulation Part 35; 24-hour release line: 204-944-4888; 1-855-944-4888; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Inventory and annual condition check; certification from 2027-06-01",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "Reg. 860; OHSA ss. 37-42",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-268-6060",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Designated substances list before a project; O. Reg. 278/05"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: Reg. 860; OHSA ss. 37-42; 24-hour release line: 1-800-268-6060; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Designated substances list before a project; O. Reg. 278/05",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS), R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 860",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900860"
        },
        {
          "text": "Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 833",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "Updated annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "S-2.1, r. 8.1; LSST ss. 62.1-62.21",
        "24-hour release line": "1-866-283-2333 (federal centre; confirm the provincial line)",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Inspection of flocking and insulation, register, disclosure"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: Updated annually; WHMIS regulation: S-2.1, r. 8.1; LSST ss. 62.1-62.21; 24-hour release line: 1-866-283-2333 (federal centre; confirm the provincial line); Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Inspection of flocking and insulation, register, disclosure",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hazardous Products Information Regulation, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%208.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "WHMIS Regulation 2016-6",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-565-1633",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Commission code of practice adopted by regulation"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: WHMIS Regulation 2016-6; 24-hour release line: 1-800-565-1633; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Commission code of practice adopted by regulation",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 2016-6",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2016-6"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2016-6",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "WHS Regulations Part 3",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-565-1633",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "No OHS asbestos Part; waste regulations under the Environment Act"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: WHS Regulations Part 3; 24-hour release line: 1-800-565-1633; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: No OHS asbestos Part; waste regulations under the Environment Act",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Safety General Regulations, N.S. Reg. 44/99",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsgensf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Office of the Registrar of Regulations. (2026). Regulations by Act (Nova Scotia; read 2026-10-23).",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regsbyact.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act Interpretation Regulations, N.S. Reg. 221/2026",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-221.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "WHMIS Regulations EC455/17",
        "24-hour release line": "1-800-565-1633",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Inventory, annual inspection, management plan, contractor certificate"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: WHMIS Regulations EC455/17; 24-hour release line: 1-800-565-1633; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Inventory, annual inspection, management plan, contractor certificate",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC455/17",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/O%2601-01-3-Occupational%20Health%20and%20Safety%20Act%20Workplace%20Hazardous%20Materials%20Information%20System%20Regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/O%2601-01-3-Occupational%20Health%20and%20Safety%20Act%20Workplace%20Hazardous%20Materials%20Information%20System%20Regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "WHMIS Regulations, 2018",
        "24-hour release line": "709-772-2083; 1-800-563-9089",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Inspection before demolition; abatement regulations"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: WHMIS Regulations, 2018; 24-hour release line: 709-772-2083; 1-800-563-9089; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Inspection before demolition; abatement regulations",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) Regulations, 2018, N.L.R. 34/18",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc180034.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc180034.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least annually",
        "WHMIS regulation": "WHMIS Regulation (2015)",
        "24-hour release line": "867-667-7244",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Contractor controls; no inventory duty found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least annually; WHMIS regulation: WHMIS Regulation (2015); 24-hour release line: 867-667-7244; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Contractor controls; no inventory duty found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Regulation",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/workplace-hazardous-materials-information-system-r"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/workplace-hazardous-materials-information-system-r",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "No interval stated",
        "WHMIS regulation": "OHS Regulations Part 22",
        "24-hour release line": "867-920-8130",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Written record of asbestos materials"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: No interval stated; WHMIS regulation: OHS Regulations Part 22; 24-hour release line: 867-920-8130; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Written record of asbestos materials",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "No interval stated",
        "WHMIS regulation": "OHS Regulations Part 22",
        "24-hour release line": "867-920-8130",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Written record of asbestos materials"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: No interval stated; WHMIS regulation: OHS Regulations Part 22; 24-hour release line: 867-920-8130; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Written record of asbestos materials",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-21",
      "topic": "J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Training review": "At least once a year",
        "WHMIS regulation": "COHSR Part X, Division III",
        "24-hour release line": "Provincial line for the place of the release",
        "Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential": "Record of asbestos materials; exposure control plan"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Training review: At least once a year; WHMIS regulation: COHSR Part X, Division III; 24-hour release line: Provincial line for the place of the release; Asbestos: inventory and abatement credential: Record of asbestos materials; exposure control plan",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2023). Report an environmental emergency (modified 2023-09-13).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-emergencies-program/report-emergency.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Transport Canada. (2026). Standard 323: Aircraft fire fighting at airports and aerodromes (modified 2026-08-20).",
          "url": "https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/standards/standard-323-aircraft-fire-fighting-airports-aerodromes-canadian-aviation-regulations-cars"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "ACGIH heat stress screening criteria; cold: ACGIH wind chill, heated shelter below -7 °C",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Reduction factors from 0.7 (8-10 h) to 0.1 (over 16 h)",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH, current edition, except as the Board determines"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: ACGIH heat stress screening criteria; cold: ACGIH wind chill, heated shelter below -7 °C; Long-shift adjustment: Reduction factors from 0.7 (8-10 h) to 0.1 (over 16 h); Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH, current edition, except as the Board determines",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "No specific rule; hazard assessment and general duty",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Formula for shifts over 8 h",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Alberta table (Occupational Health and Safety Code [AB], 2025, Schedule 1, Table 2)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: No specific rule; hazard assessment and general duty; Long-shift adjustment: Formula for shifts over 8 h; Chemical exposure limits: Alberta table (Occupational Health and Safety Code [AB], 2025, Schedule 1, Table 2)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "General thermal duty; listed measures",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Written procedure if over 8 h a day or 40 h a week",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Saskatchewan table (Table 18)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: General thermal duty; listed measures; Long-shift adjustment: Written procedure if over 8 h a day or 40 h a week; Chemical exposure limits: Saskatchewan table (Table 18)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "ACGIH 2019 thermal stress TLVs",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Not found",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH 2019 edition"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: ACGIH 2019 thermal stress TLVs; Long-shift adjustment: Not found; Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH 2019 edition",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "No regulation; guidance notes",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "IRSST method permitted",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Ontario Table, then ACGIH 2017 edition"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: No regulation; guidance notes; Long-shift adjustment: IRSST method permitted; Chemical exposure limits: Ontario Table, then ACGIH 2017 edition",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 833",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "WBGT index and continuous work curve; indoor minimum temperatures",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Not in regulation",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Quebec table (Regulation respecting occupational health and safety [QC], 2026, Schedule I)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: WBGT index and continuous work curve; indoor minimum temperatures; Long-shift adjustment: Not in regulation; Chemical exposure limits: Quebec table (Regulation respecting occupational health and safety [QC], 2026, Schedule I)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "ACGIH 2016 heat and cold TLVs; measurement relieved during structural firefighting",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Brief and Scala model",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH 2016 edition plus Commission limits"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: ACGIH 2016 heat and cold TLVs; measurement relieved during structural firefighting; Long-shift adjustment: Brief and Scala model; Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH 2016 edition plus Commission limits",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "ACGIH TLVs for physical agents, heat and cold included",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Per ACGIH documentation",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH, latest edition"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: ACGIH TLVs for physical agents, heat and cold included; Long-shift adjustment: Per ACGIH documentation; Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH, latest edition",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "ACGIH heat and cold TLVs",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Not found",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH 2019 edition, “as amended from time to time”"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: ACGIH heat and cold TLVs; Long-shift adjustment: Not found; Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH 2019 edition, “as amended from time to time”",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "Thermal environment as established by ACGIH",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Adjusted per ACGIH, with the committee",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH, latest edition"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: Thermal environment as established by ACGIH; Long-shift adjustment: Adjusted per ACGIH, with the committee; Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH, latest edition",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "WBGT or WGT table by work load",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Modified permissible concentration over 8 h",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Yukon tables (1986 regulations)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: WBGT or WGT table by work load; Long-shift adjustment: Modified permissible concentration over 8 h; Chemical exposure limits: Yukon tables (1986 regulations)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "General thermal duty",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Written procedure if over 8 h a day or 40 h a week",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Territorial table (Schedule O)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: General thermal duty; Long-shift adjustment: Written procedure if over 8 h a day or 40 h a week; Chemical exposure limits: Territorial table (Schedule O)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "General thermal duty",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Written procedure if over 8 h a day or 40 h a week",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "Territorial table (Schedule O)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: General thermal duty; Long-shift adjustment: Written procedure if over 8 h a day or 40 h a week; Chemical exposure limits: Territorial table (Schedule O)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-22",
      "topic": "J22 Exposure Limits, Heat and Cold Stress",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Heat and cold rule": "ACGIH heat and cold thresholds from 2027-01-30",
        "Long-shift adjustment": "Not found",
        "Chemical exposure limits": "ACGIH, as amended from time to time"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Heat and cold rule: ACGIH heat and cold thresholds from 2027-01-30; Long-shift adjustment: Not found; Chemical exposure limits: ACGIH, as amended from time to time",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j22-exposure-limits-heat-and-cold-stress#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 6 months of hire, then every 12 months",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex; 140 dBC peak",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB (energy basis)",
        "Program trigger": "Measure above 82 dBA; program above the limit, reviewed annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 6 months of hire, then every 12 months; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex; 140 dBC peak; Exchange rate: 3 dB (energy basis); Program trigger: Measure above 82 dBA; program above the limit, reviewed annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 6 months; again within 12 months; then every 2 years",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Assess above 82 dBA; program, reviewed annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 6 months; again within 12 months; then every 2 years; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Assess above 82 dBA; program, reviewed annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "At least every 24 months; baseline not stated",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex; areas 90 dBA",
        "Exchange rate": "Not stated (energy average)",
        "Program trigger": "Measure where often above 80 dBA; plan at 10 or more workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: At least every 24 months; baseline not stated; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex; areas 90 dBA; Exchange rate: Not stated (energy average); Program trigger: Measure where often above 80 dBA; plan at 10 or more workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 6 months of first exposure, then every 2 years",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Assess above 80 dBA"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 6 months of first exposure, then every 2 years; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Assess above 80 dBA",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "None required",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex,8",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB (equal energy)",
        "Program trigger": "Signs where regularly above 85 dBA"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: None required; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex,8; Exchange rate: 3 dB (equal energy); Program trigger: Signs where regularly above 85 dBA",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Noise, O. Reg. 381/15",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/150381"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/150381",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "None required",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA LEX,8h; 140 dBC peak",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Evaluate every 5 years where exceeded"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: None required; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA LEX,8h; 140 dBC peak; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Evaluate every 5 years where exceeded",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 6 months of starting, then every 24 months",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA; 140 dB peak",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Measure above 80 dBA; code of practice, reviewed annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 6 months of starting, then every 24 months; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA; 140 dB peak; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Measure above 80 dBA; code of practice, reviewed annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "None required",
        "Limit (8 h)": "ACGIH noise TLV (85 dBA)",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB (ACGIH)",
        "Program trigger": "No numeric trigger in regulation"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: None required; Limit (8 h): ACGIH noise TLV (85 dBA); Exchange rate: 3 dB (ACGIH); Program trigger: No numeric trigger in regulation",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1580, Standard for emergency responder occupational health and wellness (consolidates NFPA 1581, 1582, 1583 and 1584).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1580-standard-development/1580"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 6 months of starting, then every 12 months",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Program above the limit, reviewed annually"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 6 months of starting, then every 12 months; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Program above the limit, reviewed annually",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 3 months of hire, then annually",
        "Limit (8 h)": "ACGIH noise TLV (85 dBA)",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB (ACGIH)",
        "Program trigger": "Program where the TLV is exceeded"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 3 months of hire, then annually; Limit (8 h): ACGIH noise TLV (85 dBA); Exchange rate: 3 dB (ACGIH); Program trigger: Program where the TLV is exceeded",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "Within 6 months of hire, then annually (above 80 dBA)",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Controls above the limits"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: Within 6 months of hire, then annually (above 80 dBA); Limit (8 h): 85 dBA; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Controls above the limits",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/occupational-health-regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "At least every 24 months",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex; areas 90 dBA",
        "Exchange rate": "Not stated",
        "Program trigger": "Measure where often above 80 dBA; plan at 20 or more workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: At least every 24 months; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex; areas 90 dBA; Exchange rate: Not stated; Program trigger: Measure where often above 80 dBA; plan at 20 or more workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "At least every 24 months",
        "Limit (8 h)": "85 dBA Lex; areas 90 dBA",
        "Exchange rate": "Not stated",
        "Program trigger": "Measure where often above 80 dBA; plan at 20 or more workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: At least every 24 months; Limit (8 h): 85 dBA Lex; areas 90 dBA; Exchange rate: Not stated; Program trigger: Measure where often above 80 dBA; plan at 20 or more workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-23",
      "topic": "J23 Noise and Hearing Conservation",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Audiometry": "None required",
        "Limit (8 h)": "87 dBA Lex,8",
        "Exchange rate": "3 dB",
        "Program trigger": "Investigate at 84 dBA; signs above 87 dBA"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Audiometry: None required; Limit (8 h): 87 dBA Lex,8; Exchange rate: 3 dB; Program trigger: Investigate at 84 dBA; signs above 87 dBA",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j23-noise-and-hearing-conservation#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Guideline only",
        "Standard adopted": "Provincial levels; kits aligned to Z1220-17 by guideline",
        "Small station: first aiders": "By hazard: e.g. 10-19 workers, high hazard, 2 basic",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Records 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Guideline only; Standard adopted: Provincial levels; kits aligned to Z1220-17 by guideline; Small station: first aiders: By hazard: e.g. 10-19 workers, high hazard, 2 basic; Certificate validity; records: Records 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "No separate rule",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210-17; Z1220-17",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-9: 1 basic; 10-19: 1 basic and 1 intermediate",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Records 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: No separate rule; Standard adopted: Z1210-17; Z1220-17; Small station: first aiders: 2-9: 1 basic; 10-19: 1 basic and 1 intermediate; Certificate validity; records: Records 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Kit consistent with Z1220",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1220-17 kits; provincial class A and B attendants",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-25: 1 class A",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Up to 3 years; register 5 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Kit consistent with Z1220; Standard adopted: Z1220-17 kits; provincial class A and B attendants; Small station: first aiders: 2-25: 1 class A; Certificate validity; records: Up to 3 years; register 5 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Kit sized to seating",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210-17; Z1220-17",
        "Small station: first aiders": "1-10: none; 11-40: 1 intermediate",
        "Certificate validity; records": "3 years; records 5 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Kit sized to seating; Standard adopted: Z1210-17; Z1220-17; Small station: first aiders: 1-10: none; 11-40: 1 intermediate; Certificate validity; records: 3 years; records 5 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "First aid box in vehicles carrying workers",
        "Standard adopted": "St. John Ambulance “or equivalent”",
        "Small station: first aiders": "1-5: emergency; 6-199: standard first aid",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Records kept; no period set"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: First aid box in vehicles carrying workers; Standard adopted: St. John Ambulance “or equivalent”; Small station: first aiders: 1-5: emergency; 6-199: standard first aid; Certificate validity; records: Records kept; no period set",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "First Aid Requirements, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 1101",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/901101"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/901101",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Kit where none accessible; Type 1 or full kit",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210 intermediate; Z1220",
        "Small station: first aiders": "1 first aider up to 50 workers",
        "Certificate validity; records": "3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Kit where none accessible; Type 1 or full kit; Standard adopted: Z1210 intermediate; Z1220; Small station: first aiders: 1 first aider up to 50 workers; Certificate validity; records: 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "First-aid Minimum Standards Regulation, CQLR c. A-3.001, r. 10",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/A-3.001,%20r.%2010"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/A-3.001,%20r.%2010",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Vehicles excluded",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210-17 (R2021); Z1220-17 (R2021)",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-19: 1; 20-49: 1 or 2",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Records 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Vehicles excluded; Standard adopted: Z1210-17 (R2021); Z1220-17 (R2021); Small station: first aiders: 2-19: 1; 20-49: 1 or 2; Certificate validity; records: Records 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "First Aid Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 2004-130",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2004-130"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeNB. (2025). Interpretation: First aid CSA standards, option to comply with newer editions (2025-01-02).",
          "url": "https://www.worksafenb.ca/policy-and-legal/legal/interpretations/first-aid-csa-standards-option-to-comply-to-newer-editions"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2004-130",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Small Type 2 kit",
        "Standard adopted": "Latest Z1210 and Z1220",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-25: 1 basic; 26-50: 1 intermediate",
        "Certificate validity; records": "3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Small Type 2 kit; Standard adopted: Latest Z1210 and Z1220; Small station: first aiders: 2-25: 1 basic; 26-50: 1 intermediate; Certificate validity; records: 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Type 3 intermediate, sized to seating",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210-17; Z1220-17",
        "Small station: first aiders": "By risk: basic, intermediate or advanced on site",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Records 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Type 3 intermediate, sized to seating; Standard adopted: Z1210-17; Z1220-17; Small station: first aiders: By risk: basic, intermediate or advanced on site; Certificate validity; records: Records 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Type 3 intermediate, sized to seating",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1220 kits; WorkplaceNL certificates",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-14: 1 emergency; 15-199: 1 standard plus",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Register 5 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Type 3 intermediate, sized to seating; Standard adopted: Z1220 kits; WorkplaceNL certificates; Small station: first aiders: 2-14: 1 emergency; 15-199: 1 standard plus; Certificate validity; records: Register 5 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety First Aid Regulations, C.N.L.R. 1148/96",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc961148.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc961148.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Level 1 kit",
        "Standard adopted": "Territorial levels; Z1210-17 and Z1220-17 accepted",
        "Small station: first aiders": "Every firefighter: standard first aid, CPR, oxygen",
        "Certificate validity; records": "Records 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Level 1 kit; Standard adopted: Territorial levels; Z1210-17 and Z1220-17 accepted; Small station: first aiders: Every firefighter: standard first aid, CPR, oxygen; Certificate validity; records: Records 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Type 2 kit and contact list",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210-17 and Z1220-17, as amended",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-10: 1 intermediate (advanced if high risk)",
        "Certificate validity; records": "3 years; register 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Type 2 kit and contact list; Standard adopted: Z1210-17 and Z1220-17, as amended; Small station: first aiders: 2-10: 1 intermediate (advanced if high risk); Certificate validity; records: 3 years; register 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Type 2 kit",
        "Standard adopted": "Z1210-17 and Z1220-17, as amended",
        "Small station: first aiders": "2-10: 1 intermediate (advanced if high risk)",
        "Certificate validity; records": "3 years; register 3 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Type 2 kit; Standard adopted: Z1210-17 and Z1220-17, as amended; Small station: first aiders: 2-10: 1 intermediate (advanced if high risk); Certificate validity; records: 3 years; register 3 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-24",
      "topic": "J24 First Aid",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Vehicle kit": "Instructions kept with the kit",
        "Standard adopted": "Federal scheme; no CSA",
        "Small station: first aiders": "Attendant at 6 or more employees",
        "Certificate validity; records": "3 years; records 2 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Vehicle kit: Instructions kept with the kit; Standard adopted: Federal scheme; no CSA; Small station: first aiders: Attendant at 6 or more employees; Certificate validity; records: 3 years; records 2 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j24-first-aid#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Court-ordered testing statute (2013)",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Offered free (regulation)",
        "Medical first response framework": "Health statute and licensing",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Exposure control plan; safety sharps; Part 31 bloodborne procedure"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Court-ordered testing statute (2013); Hepatitis B vaccination: Offered free (regulation); Medical first response framework: Health statute and licensing; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Exposure control plan; safety sharps; Part 31 bloodborne procedure",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Emergency Intervention Disclosure Act, S.B.C. 2012, c. 19",
          "url": "https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/12019_pit"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Mandatory Testing and Disclosure Act",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not in Code",
        "Medical first response framework": "Health system program",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Code Part 35: safety sharps, no recapping, post-exposure procedures"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Mandatory Testing and Disclosure Act; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not in Code; Medical first response framework: Health system program; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Code Part 35: safety sharps, no recapping, post-exposure procedures",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Statute reported; status not confirmed",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Plan describes vaccination",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Exposure control plan, reviewed every 2 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Statute reported; status not confirmed; Hepatitis B vaccination: Plan describes vaccination; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Exposure control plan, reviewed every 2 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Testing of Bodily Fluids and Disclosure Act",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Biological substance assessment; blood clean-up by a competent person"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Testing of Bodily Fluids and Disclosure Act; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Biological substance assessment; blood clean-up by a competent person",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Testing of Bodily Fluids and Disclosure Act, C.C.S.M.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.mb.ca/health/publichealth/cdc/docs/testing_bodily_fluids_hp.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Mandatory Blood Testing Act, 2006",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not in regulation",
        "Medical first response framework": "Tiered response agreements",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "General duty; Reg. 833 covers biological agents; guidance note 4-14"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Mandatory Blood Testing Act, 2006; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not in regulation; Medical first response framework: Tiered response agreements; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: General duty; Reg. 833 covers biological agents; guidance note 4-14",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Control of Exposure to Biological or Chemical Agents, R.R.O. 1990, Reg. 833",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/900833"
        },
        {
          "text": "Mandatory Blood Testing Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, c. 26",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Pre-hospital emergency services law",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "General duty"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Pre-hospital emergency services law; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: General duty",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Not yet verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "General duty"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: General duty",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Not yet verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Mandatory Testing and Disclosure Act (first aid and emergency care)",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Emergency Health Services Act; registered pre-hospital first responders",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "General duty"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Mandatory Testing and Disclosure Act (first aid and emergency care); Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Emergency Health Services Act; registered pre-hospital first responders; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: General duty",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Mandatory Testing and Disclosure Regulations, N.S. Reg. 75/2006",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/mtdregs.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Office of the Registrar of Regulations. (2026). Regulations by Act (Nova Scotia; read 2026-10-23).",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regsbyact.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "General duty"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: General duty",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Not yet verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Chemical and biological control program"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Chemical and biological control program",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Not found",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Part 11 bloodborne pathogen procedure"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Not found; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Part 11 bloodborne pathogen procedure",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Plan describes vaccination",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Exposure control plan, reviewed every 2 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Plan describes vaccination; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Exposure control plan, reviewed every 2 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "None found",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Plan describes vaccination",
        "Medical first response framework": "Not researched",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Exposure control plan, reviewed every 2 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: None found; Hepatitis B vaccination: Plan describes vaccination; Medical first response framework: Not researched; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Exposure control plan, reviewed every 2 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-25",
      "topic": "J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Source-testing law": "Provincial law of the place",
        "Hepatitis B vaccination": "Guidance only",
        "Medical first response framework": "None",
        "Biological hazard rule reaching fire": "Hazard investigation covers biological agents"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Source-testing law: Provincial law of the place; Hepatitis B vaccination: Guidance only; Medical first response framework: None; Biological hazard rule reaching fire: Hazard investigation covers biological agents",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1580, Standard for emergency responder occupational health and wellness (consolidates NFPA 1581, 1582, 1583 and 1584).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1580-standard-development/1580"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHSR ss. 4.27-4.31",
        "Review cycle": "None set",
        "What is required": "Risk assessment; procedures and policies if a risk is found",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, wherever violence by non-workers may be a risk"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHSR ss. 4.27-4.31; Review cycle: None set; What is required: Risk assessment; procedures and policies if a risk is found; Applies to fire departments: Yes, wherever violence by non-workers may be a risk",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Code Part 27",
        "Review cycle": "Incident, change, committee request; at least every 3 years",
        "What is required": "Combined violence and harassment prevention plan",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Code Part 27; Review cycle: Incident, change, committee request; at least every 3 years; What is required: Combined violence and harassment prevention plan; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "SEA s. 3-21; OHSR s. 3-26",
        "Review cycle": "Every 3 years and on change",
        "What is required": "Written policy statement and prevention plan",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every employer since 2023"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: SEA s. 3-21; OHSR s. 3-26; Review cycle: Every 3 years and on change; What is required: Written policy statement and prevention plan; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every employer since 2023",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "WSHR Part 11",
        "Review cycle": "None (annual incident report to committee)",
        "What is required": "Assessment; violence prevention policy",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Not listed (ambulances are); covered once the mandatory assessment finds a risk"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: WSHR Part 11; Review cycle: None (annual incident report to committee); What is required: Assessment; violence prevention policy; Applies to fire departments: Not listed (ambulances are); covered once the mandatory assessment finds a risk",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHSA Part III.0.1",
        "Review cycle": "Policy at least annually",
        "What is required": "Policy, program, risk assessment",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHSA Part III.0.1; Review cycle: Policy at least annually; What is required: Policy, program, risk assessment; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "LSST s. 51(16); ss. 58-61.2",
        "Review cycle": "Program priorities reported every 3 years",
        "What is required": "Protective measures; psychosocial risks in the prevention program or action plan",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: LSST s. 51(16); ss. 58-61.2; Review cycle: Program priorities reported every 3 years; What is required: Protective measures; psychosocial risks in the prevention program or action plan; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "Reg 91-191 Part XXII.I",
        "Review cycle": "At least once a year",
        "What is required": "Assessment and written violence code of practice",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every fire department regardless of size"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: Reg 91-191 Part XXII.I; Review cycle: At least once a year; What is required: Assessment and written violence code of practice; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every fire department regardless of size",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "Violence in the Workplace Regulations",
        "Review cycle": "Reassessment and plan review at least every 5 years",
        "What is required": "Assessment; prevention plan where risk is significant",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Not named (ambulance, emergency health services and police are); general duty applies"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: Violence in the Workplace Regulations; Review cycle: Reassessment and plan review at least every 5 years; What is required: Assessment; prevention plan where risk is significant; Applies to fire departments: Not named (ambulance, emergency health services and police are); general duty applies",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Violence in the Workplace Regulations, N.S. Reg. 209/2007",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsviolence.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsviolence.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "General Regulations Part 52",
        "Review cycle": "None set",
        "What is required": "Assessment; procedures",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, all workplaces except farms"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: General Regulations Part 52; Review cycle: None set; What is required: Assessment; procedures; Applies to fire departments: Yes, all workplaces except farms",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Regulations ss. 22-24",
        "Review cycle": "None set",
        "What is required": "Assessment; procedures and policies",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Regulations ss. 22-24; Review cycle: None set; What is required: Assessment; procedures and policies; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "WHS Regulations Part 19",
        "Review cycle": "None in Part 19; general 3-year review (interpretation)",
        "What is required": "Violence and harassment policy and procedures",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: WHS Regulations Part 19; Review cycle: None in Part 19; general 3-year review (interpretation); What is required: Violence and harassment policy and procedures; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Regulations s. 35",
        "Review cycle": "At least every 3 years",
        "What is required": "Written policy",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Where violence has occurred or could reasonably be expected"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Regulations s. 35; Review cycle: At least every 3 years; What is required: Written policy; Applies to fire departments: Where violence has occurred or could reasonably be expected",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Regulations s. 35",
        "Review cycle": "At least every 3 years",
        "What is required": "Written policy",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Same as Northwest Territories"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Regulations s. 35; Review cycle: At least every 3 years; What is required: Written policy; Applies to fire departments: Same as Northwest Territories",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-26",
      "topic": "J26 Workplace Violence",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "Canada Labour Code; WHVPR",
        "Review cycle": "Assessment and policy every 3 years",
        "What is required": "Workplace assessment, policy, emergency procedures, training",
        "Applies to fire departments": "Yes, every Part II employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: Canada Labour Code; WHVPR; Review cycle: Assessment and policy every 3 years; What is required: Workplace assessment, policy, emergency procedures, training; Applies to fire departments: Yes, every Part II employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Work Place Harassment and Violence Prevention Regulations, SOR/2020-130",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2020-130/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "WorkSafeBC Policy P2-21-2",
        "Training": "Supervisors and workers",
        "Review cycle": "Annually",
        "Required content": "Policy statement, prevention steps, reporting (including against the employer or supervisor), investigation procedures"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: WorkSafeBC Policy P2-21-2; Training: Supervisors and workers; Review cycle: Annually; Required content: Policy statement, prevention steps, reporting (including against the employer or supervisor), investigation procedures",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2013). OHS policy P2-21-2: Employer duties, workplace bullying and harassment (effective 2013-11-01; in Policies for the Workers Compensation Act).",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/law-policy/occupational-health-safety/searchable-ohs-regulation/ohs-policies/policies-for-the-workers-compensation-act"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Code s. 390",
        "Training": "Required (s. 391)",
        "Review cycle": "At least every 3 years and on triggers",
        "Required content": "Combined violence and harassment plan, 6 elements"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Code s. 390; Training: Required (s. 391); Review cycle: At least every 3 years and on triggers; Required content: Combined violence and harassment plan, 6 elements",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "SEA s. 3-21.1; OHSR s. 3-25",
        "Training": "Not specified",
        "Review cycle": "Not set",
        "Required content": "Written policy, 10 elements; posted; investigate every incident"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: SEA s. 3-21.1; OHSR s. 3-25; Training: Not specified; Review cycle: Not set; Required content: Written policy, 10 elements; posted; investigate every incident",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "WSHR Part 10",
        "Training": "Not specified",
        "Review cycle": "Not set",
        "Required content": "Written policy, 6 statements and 3 procedures; posted"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: WSHR Part 10; Training: Not specified; Review cycle: Not set; Required content: Written policy, 6 statements and 3 procedures; posted",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHSA ss. 32.0.1, 32.0.6-32.0.8",
        "Training": "Information and instruction",
        "Review cycle": "Policy and program at least annually",
        "Required content": "Policy and written program, 5 contents"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHSA ss. 32.0.1, 32.0.6-32.0.8; Training: Information and instruction; Review cycle: Policy and program at least annually; Required content: Policy and written program, 5 contents",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Code, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.19",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h19"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "Labour Standards Act s. 81.19",
        "Training": "Training programs required in the policy",
        "Review cycle": "Not set (program reported every 3 years)",
        "Required content": "Policy, 7 contents, part of the prevention program"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: Labour Standards Act s. 81.19; Training: Training programs required in the policy; Review cycle: Not set (program reported every 3 years); Required content: Policy, 7 contents, part of the prevention program",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c. N-1.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/N-1.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Charter of human rights and freedoms, CQLR c. C-12",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/C-12"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/N-1.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "Reg 91-191 s. 374.4",
        "Training": "Program for every employee and supervisor",
        "Review cycle": "At least once a year",
        "Required content": "Written code of practice, 8 contents"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: Reg 91-191 s. 374.4; Training: Program for every employee and supervisor; Review cycle: At least once a year; Required content: Written code of practice, 8 contents",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, R.S.N.B. 2011, c. 171",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/2011-c.171"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Act s. 13(4); WHSR Part 27",
        "Training": "Every employee",
        "Review cycle": "At least every 3 years",
        "Required content": "Written policy, 10 elements (since 2025-09-01)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Act s. 13(4); WHSR Part 27; Training: Every employee; Review cycle: At least every 3 years; Required content: Written policy, 10 elements (since 2025-09-01)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Act s. 12(3); Harassment Regulations",
        "Training": "Not specified",
        "Review cycle": "Not set",
        "Required content": "Written policy, 9 elements"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Act s. 12(3); Harassment Regulations; Training: Not specified; Review cycle: Not set; Required content: Written policy, 9 elements",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act Workplace Harassment Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC710/19",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o01-01-3-occupational_health_and_safety_act_workplace_harassment_regulations_0.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Regulations ss. 24.1-24.2",
        "Training": "Employer and workers",
        "Review cycle": "At least annually",
        "Required content": "Written prevention plan, 10 elements"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Regulations ss. 24.1-24.2; Training: Employer and workers; Review cycle: At least annually; Required content: Written prevention plan, 10 elements",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "WHS Regulations Part 19",
        "Training": "Required, with supervision",
        "Review cycle": "None in Part 19; general 3-year review (interpretation)",
        "Required content": "Policy (7 statements) and procedures, combined with violence"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: WHS Regulations Part 19; Training: Required, with supervision; Review cycle: None in Part 19; general 3-year review (interpretation); Required content: Policy (7 statements) and procedures, combined with violence",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Regulations s. 34",
        "Training": "Not specified (code of practice recommends it)",
        "Review cycle": "Not set",
        "Required content": "Written policy, 8 elements"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Regulations s. 34; Training: Not specified (code of practice recommends it); Review cycle: Not set; Required content: Written policy, 8 elements",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2019). Code of practice: Harassment (Northwest Territories and Nunavut; in effect 2019-03-29).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Harassment%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "OHS Regulations s. 34",
        "Training": "Not specified (code of practice recommends it)",
        "Review cycle": "Not set",
        "Required content": "Written policy, 8 elements"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: OHS Regulations s. 34; Training: Not specified (code of practice recommends it); Review cycle: Not set; Required content: Written policy, 8 elements",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2019). Code of practice: Harassment (Northwest Territories and Nunavut; in effect 2019-03-29).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Harassment%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-27",
      "topic": "J27 Workplace Harassment",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Rule": "Canada Labour Code; WHVPR",
        "Training": "Within 3 months of hire, then every 3 years",
        "Review cycle": "Every 3 years",
        "Required content": "Policy, 11 elements, plus assessment and resolution process"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Rule: Canada Labour Code; WHVPR; Training: Within 3 months of hire, then every 3 years; Review cycle: Every 3 years; Required content: Policy, 11 elements, plus assessment and resolution process",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Work Place Harassment and Violence Prevention Regulations, SOR/2020-130",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2020-130/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canadian Human Rights Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. H-6",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/FullText.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "No definition of health; reached through policy and compensation",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Written procedure to manage incident stress for fire departments (Occupational Health and Safety Regulation [BC], 2026, s. 31.5(1)(c))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: No definition of health; reached through policy and compensation; Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Written procedure to manage incident stress for fire departments (Occupational Health and Safety Regulation [BC], 2026, s. 31.5(1)(c))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeBC. (2013). OHS policy P2-21-2: Employer duties, workplace bullying and harassment (effective 2013-11-01; in Policies for the Workers Compensation Act).",
          "url": "https://www.worksafebc.com/en/law-policy/occupational-health-safety/searchable-ohs-regulation/ohs-policies/policies-for-the-workers-compensation-act"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Alberta Mental Health Line 1-877-303-2642",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Purpose clause: “physical, psychological and social well-being” (Occupational Health and Safety Act [AB], 2020, s. 2(a))",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "General hazard assessment (interpretation)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Alberta Mental Health Line 1-877-303-2642; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Purpose clause: “physical, psychological and social well-being” (Occupational Health and Safety Act [AB], 2020, s. 2(a)); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: General hazard assessment (interpretation)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Yes: “physical, mental and social well-being” (The Saskatchewan Employment Act [SK], 2013, s. 3-1(1)(o))",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "General duties use the definition"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Yes: “physical, mental and social well-being” (The Saskatchewan Employment Act [SK], 2013, s. 3-1(1)(o)); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: General duties use the definition",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Yes: “sound in body, mind and spirit” (The Workplace Safety and Health Act [MB], 2026, s. 1)",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "General duties use the definition (interpretation)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Yes: “sound in body, mind and spirit” (The Workplace Safety and Health Act [MB], 2026, s. 1); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: General duties use the definition (interpretation)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w210.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "No",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "None in the OHS Act; chronic stress compensable"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: No; Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: None in the OHS Act; chronic stress compensable",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sched. A",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Info-Social 8-1-1",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Yes: “physical and mental well-being” (LSST ss. 2, 51)",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Psychosocial risks identified and controlled in the prevention program or action plan (ss. 59, 61.2)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Info-Social 8-1-1; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Yes: “physical and mental well-being” (LSST ss. 2, 51); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Psychosocial risks identified and controlled in the prevention program or action plan (ss. 59, 61.2)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Addiction and Mental Health Helpline 1-866-355-5550",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "No",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Addiction and Mental Health Helpline 1-866-355-5550; Psychological health in the OHS statute: No; Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/O-0.2",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Provincial crisis line 1-888-429-8167",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Yes, since 2025-09-01 (s. 3(r))",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Every Act duty reaches psychosocial hazards"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Provincial crisis line 1-888-429-8167; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Yes, since 2025-09-01 (s. 3(r)); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Every Act duty reaches psychosocial hazards",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Purpose clause: “physical or psychological well-being” (s. 2)",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Purpose clause: “physical or psychological well-being” (s. 2); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "No; regulations exclude non-traumatic stress from “injury”",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: No; regulations exclude non-traumatic stress from “injury”; Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/o03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Mental Wellness and Substance Use Services 1-866-456-3838 (weekdays)",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "“Injury” includes psychological injury (WSCA s. 25)",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Firefighting procedures to manage incident stress (Workplace Health and Safety Regulations [YT], 2022, s. 11.04(2)(c))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Mental Wellness and Substance Use Services 1-866-456-3838 (weekdays); Psychological health in the OHS statute: “Injury” includes psychological injury (WSCA s. 25); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Firefighting procedures to manage incident stress (Workplace Health and Safety Regulations [YT], 2022, s. 11.04(2)(c))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "“Injury” includes impairment of mental condition (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 1)",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Impairment policy, including fatigue (s. 35.1)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: “Injury” includes impairment of mental condition (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 1); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Impairment policy, including fatigue (s. 35.1)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Not confirmed",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Impairment policy, including fatigue (s. 35.1)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Not confirmed; Psychological health in the OHS statute: Same as Northwest Territories; Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Impairment policy, including fatigue (s. 35.1)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission [WSCC]. (2017). Codes of practice: Firefighters (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04).",
          "url": "https://wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Firefighter%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-28",
      "topic": "J28 Psychological Health and Safety",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "CSA Z1003": "Voluntary",
        "Crisis line besides 9-8-8": "Hope for Wellness 1-855-242-3310 (national)",
        "Psychological health in the OHS statute": "Purpose clause names psychological injuries (Canada Labour Code [CA], 1985, s. 122.1)",
        "Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence": "Workplace assessment covers psychological health measures (WHVPR s. 8(e))"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "CSA Z1003: Voluntary; Crisis line besides 9-8-8: Hope for Wellness 1-855-242-3310 (national); Psychological health in the OHS statute: Purpose clause names psychological injuries (Canada Labour Code [CA], 1985, s. 122.1); Psychosocial duty beyond harassment and violence: Workplace assessment covers psychological health measures (WHVPR s. 8(e))",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Work Place Harassment and Violence Prevention Regulations, SOR/2020-130",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2020-130/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Public Health Agency of Canada. (2026). Mental health support: Get help (page modified 2026-01-14).",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "3 for scuba to 18 m; 4 beyond 40 m, decompression or hazards",
        "Diver medical": "Every 2 years to age 39; yearly from 40",
        "Emergency relief": "Emergency dive notice within 24 hours after the start",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.4-97",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes, all occupational diving"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: 3 for scuba to 18 m; 4 beyond 40 m, decompression or hazards; Diver medical: Every 2 years to age 39; yearly from 40; Emergency relief: Emergency dive notice within 24 hours after the start; Competency standard: CSA Z275.4-97; Applies to public safety dives: Yes, all occupational diving",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "From CSA Z275.2-04",
        "Diver medical": "From CSA Z275.2-04",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.4-02",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes; only sport diving excluded"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: From CSA Z275.2-04; Diver medical: From CSA Z275.2-04; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: CSA Z275.4-02; Applies to public safety dives: Yes; only sport diving excluded",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "Sufficient crew; dressed-in standby; dedicated tender",
        "Diver medical": "Every 12 months",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "Competent divers",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: Sufficient crew; dressed-in standby; dedicated tender; Diver medical: Every 12 months; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: Competent divers; Applies to public safety dives: Yes",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "From CSA Z275.2-15",
        "Diver medical": "From CSA Z275.2-15",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.4-12 (R2017)",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: From CSA Z275.2-15; Diver medical: From CSA Z275.2-15; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: CSA Z275.4-12 (R2017); Applies to public safety dives: Yes",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "Diver, tender and standby (supervisor may double)",
        "Diver medical": "Within 24 months under 40; 12 months from 40",
        "Emergency relief": "Voluntary unpaid dive to save a life excluded",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.4-12",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes for paid divers, even in emergencies"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: Diver, tender and standby (supervisor may double); Diver medical: Within 24 months under 40; 12 months from 40; Emergency relief: Voluntary unpaid dive to save a life excluded; Competency standard: CSA Z275.4-12; Applies to public safety dives: Yes for paid divers, even in emergencies",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Diving Operations, O. Reg. 629/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940629"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940629",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "3 divers sharing 4 roles; 4 at some contaminated sites",
        "Diver medical": "Every 2 years",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.5-05 training or Z275.4-02 recognition",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes; no fire-service carve-out"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: 3 divers sharing 4 roles; 4 at some contaminated sites; Diver medical: Every 2 years; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: CSA Z275.5-05 training or Z275.4-02 recognition; Applies to public safety dives: Yes; no fire-service carve-out",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 13",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-2.1,%20r.%2013",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "3 for scuba (diver, stand-by, competent person)",
        "Diver medical": "Every 2 years",
        "Emergency relief": "None; scuba barred with entrapment or poor visibility hazards",
        "Competency standard": "Training course or experience, documented",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes for divers working for compensation"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: 3 for scuba (diver, stand-by, competent person); Diver medical: Every 2 years; Emergency relief: None; scuba barred with entrapment or poor visibility hazards; Competency standard: Training course or experience, documented; Applies to public safety dives: Yes for divers working for compensation",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "3 for scuba; 4 otherwise",
        "Diver medical": "Within 24 months",
        "Emergency relief": "Generic dive plan allowed in an emergency rescue",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.4",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes; “emergency services dive team” defined"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: 3 for scuba; 4 otherwise; Diver medical: Within 24 months; Emergency relief: Generic dive plan allowed in an emergency rescue; Competency standard: CSA Z275.4; Applies to public safety dives: Yes; “emergency services dive team” defined",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Diving Regulations, N.S. Reg. 174/2005",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsodive.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsodive.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "From CSA Z275.2-20",
        "Diver medical": "From CSA Z275.2-20",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "From CSA Z275.2-20",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: From CSA Z275.2-20; Diver medical: From CSA Z275.2-20; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: From CSA Z275.2-20; Applies to public safety dives: Yes",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "From CSA Z275.2-04",
        "Diver medical": "From CSA Z275.2-04",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "CSA Z275.4-02",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: From CSA Z275.2-04; Diver medical: From CSA Z275.2-04; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: CSA Z275.4-02; Applies to public safety dives: Yes",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "2 divers and a tender (shallow); otherwise 2 divers, dressed standby and tender",
        "Diver medical": "Yearly",
        "Emergency relief": "40 m depth limit lifted to save life",
        "Competency standard": "Not named",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes, any diving by a worker for an employer"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: 2 divers and a tender (shallow); otherwise 2 divers, dressed standby and tender; Diver medical: Yearly; Emergency relief: 40 m depth limit lifted to save life; Competency standard: Not named; Applies to public safety dives: Yes, any diving by a worker for an employer",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Commercial Diving Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/commercial-diving"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations/commercial-diving",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "Supervisor, minimum crew, dressed-in standby",
        "Diver medical": "Every 12 months",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "Competent divers",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: Supervisor, minimum crew, dressed-in standby; Diver medical: Every 12 months; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: Competent divers; Applies to public safety dives: Yes",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "As Northwest Territories",
        "Diver medical": "Every 12 months",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "Competent divers",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: As Northwest Territories; Diver medical: Every 12 months; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: Competent divers; Applies to public safety dives: Yes",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-29",
      "topic": "J29 Occupational Diving",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Minimum team": "2 divers plus a standby for type 2",
        "Diver medical": "Within the last 2 years",
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "Competency standard": "Annual competency demonstration",
        "Applies to public safety dives": "Yes; rescue dives are type 2"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Minimum team: 2 divers plus a standby for type 2; Diver medical: Within the last 2 years; Emergency relief: None; Competency standard: Annual competency demonstration; Applies to public safety dives: Yes; rescue dives are type 2",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j29-occupational-diving#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Motor Vehicle Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Light and siren; due regard",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "70 km/h (80+ zones) or 40 km/h; move over",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "No lights without director’s permission",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement required"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Motor Vehicle Act; Exemptions require: Light and siren; due regard; Move-over (passing speed): 70 km/h (80+ zones) or 40 km/h; move over; Volunteer personal vehicle: No lights without director’s permission; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement required",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 318",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96318_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Emergency Vehicle Driving Regulation, B.C. Reg. 133/98",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/133_98"
        },
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicle Act Regulations, B.C. Reg. 26/58",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96318_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Traffic Safety Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren; reasonable and safe",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "60 km/h or posted if lower; move over",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Green lamp if bylaw allows; slow-down protection only",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement required"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Traffic Safety Act; Exemptions require: Siren; reasonable and safe; Move-over (passing speed): 60 km/h or posted if lower; move over; Volunteer personal vehicle: Green lamp if bylaw allows; slow-down protection only; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement required",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. T-6",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/T06.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Use of Highway and Rules of the Road Regulation, Alta. Reg. 304/2002",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2002_304.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Vehicle Equipment Regulation, Alta. Reg. 122/2009",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2009_122.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Operator Licensing and Vehicle Control Regulation, Alta. Reg. 320/2002",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2002_320.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2025). Registrar’s exemption: Flashing blue lamps on fire fighting vehicles (effective 2025-05-14 to 2028-02-29).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/a0a83726-2015-454d-84d2-a46b0c8ba45b/resource/b407cc0f-cdbd-414d-84d8-e4e655da5378/download/tec-registrars-exemption-flashing-blue-lights-fire-trucks.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Alberta. (2026). Municipal firefighting vehicle permit: Information sheet (2026-05-27).",
          "url": "https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/8d5da4b7-a17f-486b-a766-d6dc628b57e5/resource/4634210f-1529-4b55-9e88-6e624ac1024d/download/tec-municipal-firefighting-vehicle-permit-information.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/T06.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Traffic Safety Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren and light; necessary; due regard",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "60 km/h",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Bylaw-designated vehicle can be an emergency vehicle",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 over 2 axles; endorsement A (guidance)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Traffic Safety Act; Exemptions require: Siren and light; necessary; due regard; Move-over (passing speed): 60 km/h; Volunteer personal vehicle: Bylaw-designated vehicle can be an emergency vehicle; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 over 2 axles; endorsement A (guidance)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Traffic Safety Act, S.S. 2004, c. T-18.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/12208"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/12208",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Highway Traffic Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren or horn and lights; due regard",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "40 or 60 km/h; move over",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Red lamps on a part-time emergency vehicle; privileges apply",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 4 emergency vehicles; Class 3 over 2 axles; endorsement"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Highway Traffic Act; Exemptions require: Siren or horn and lights; due regard; Move-over (passing speed): 40 or 60 km/h; move over; Volunteer personal vehicle: Red lamps on a part-time emergency vehicle; privileges apply; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 4 emergency vehicles; Class 3 over 2 axles; endorsement",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Highway Traffic Act, C.C.S.M. c. H60",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/h060.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Driver Licensing Regulation, Man. Reg. 47/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/047-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation, Man. Reg. 95/2008",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/095-2008.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/h060.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Highway Traffic Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Responding, not returning; siren and red lights for signals",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "Slow and move over; widens 2027-01-01",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Green lamp; no privileges",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class D over 11,000 kg; firefighter emergency exception"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Highway Traffic Act; Exemptions require: Responding, not returning; siren and red lights for signals; Move-over (passing speed): Slow and move over; widens 2027-01-01; Volunteer personal vehicle: Green lamp; no privileges; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class D over 11,000 kg; firefighter emergency exception",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h08"
        },
        {
          "text": "Drivers’ Licences, O. Reg. 340/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940340"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters: Protective Equipment, O. Reg. 714/94",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/940714"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighter Certification, O. Reg. 343/22",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r22343"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h08",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Highway Safety Code",
        "Exemptions require": "Duties and circumstances require; safely",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "Reduce speed; leave a lane free",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Green light: shoulder travel and stopping",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 4A; air brake not confirmed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Highway Safety Code; Exemptions require: Duties and circumstances require; safely; Move-over (passing speed): Reduce speed; leave a lane free; Volunteer personal vehicle: Green light: shoulder travel and stopping; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 4A; air brake not confirmed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Highway Safety Code, CQLR c. C-24.2",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/C-24.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting the conditions governing the exercise of functions within a municipal fire safety service, CQLR c. S-3.4, r. 1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-3.4,%20r.%201"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/C-24.2",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Motor Vehicle Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren and red lamp; responding, not returning",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "Half the posted limit; move over",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "None",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement F; no exemption"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Motor Vehicle Act; Exemptions require: Siren and red lamp; responding, not returning; Move-over (passing speed): Half the posted limit; move over; Volunteer personal vehicle: None; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement F; no exemption",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. M-17",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/M-17"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Motor Vehicle Act, N.B. Reg. 83-42",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/83-42"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/M-17",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Traffic Safety Act (2026)",
        "Exemptions require": "Flashing lamps; siren when necessary; reasonable and prudent; due regard",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "60 km/h or posted if lower; leave adjacent lane",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "No green light; chief’s and deputy’s own vehicles are response vehicles",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 over 14,000 kg; volunteers may drive any class on duty"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Traffic Safety Act (2026); Exemptions require: Flashing lamps; siren when necessary; reasonable and prudent; due regard; Move-over (passing speed): 60 km/h or posted if lower; leave adjacent lane; Volunteer personal vehicle: No green light; chief’s and deputy’s own vehicles are response vehicles; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 over 14,000 kg; volunteers may drive any class on duty",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act, S.N.S. 2025, c. 20",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/traffic-safety-act-legislative-changes/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act Interpretation Regulations, N.S. Reg. 221/2026",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-221.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Using the Road Regulations, N.S. Reg. 230/2026, Sch. D",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-230.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Driver’s Licence Regulations, N.S. Reg. 226/2026",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-226.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Collision Reporting Regulations, N.S. Reg. 234/2026",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-234.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/traffic-safety-act-legislative-changes/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Highway Traffic Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren and red light; responding, not returning",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "Half the posted limit; move over",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "None found",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Not read (Class 3; condition Q reported)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Highway Traffic Act; Exemptions require: Siren and red light; responding, not returning; Move-over (passing speed): Half the posted limit; move over; Volunteer personal vehicle: None found; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Not read (Class 3; condition Q reported)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. H-5",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/h-05-highway_traffic_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/h-05-highway_traffic_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Highway Traffic Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Signal and red light; stop first at red",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "30 km/h below limit; move over",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Volunteer response vehicle protected by move-over",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 for 3+ axles; firefighters on duty exempt with Class 5"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Highway Traffic Act; Exemptions require: Signal and red light; stop first at red; Move-over (passing speed): 30 km/h below limit; move over; Volunteer personal vehicle: Volunteer response vehicle protected by move-over; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 for 3+ axles; firefighters on duty exempt with Class 5",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. H-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/h03.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Driver Regulations, 1999, N.L.R. 110/98",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc980110.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Licensing and Equipment Regulations, C.N.L.R. 1007/96",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc961007.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/h03.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Motor Vehicles Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren continuously sounded",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "None found",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Not found",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Not read; air brake endorsement exists"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Motor Vehicles Act; Exemptions require: Siren continuously sounded; Move-over (passing speed): None found; Volunteer personal vehicle: Not found; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Not read; air brake endorsement exists",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicles Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 153",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0153/2002-0153.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0153/2002-0153.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Motor Vehicles Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren or bell and lights; regard for safety",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "Half the limit within 120 m",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Only if marked as a fire department vehicle",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement (code Q)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Motor Vehicles Act; Exemptions require: Siren or bell and lights; regard for safety; Move-over (passing speed): Half the limit within 120 m; Volunteer personal vehicle: Only if marked as a fire department vehicle; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 for 3+ axles; endorsement (code Q)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicles Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. M-16",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/motor-vehicles-act-rsnwt-1988-cm-16/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Driver’s Licence Regulations, R.R.N.W.T. 1990, c. M-27",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/drivers-licence-regulations/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/motor-vehicles-act-rsnwt-1988-cm-16/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Traffic Safety Act",
        "Exemptions require": "Siren and lights",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "None in 2019 text",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Volunteer response vehicle is an emergency vehicle",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Class 3 for 3+ axles; air brakes in licence"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Traffic Safety Act; Exemptions require: Siren and lights; Move-over (passing speed): None in 2019 text; Volunteer personal vehicle: Volunteer response vehicle is an emergency vehicle; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Class 3 for 3+ axles; air brakes in licence",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. M-16",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/traffic-safety-act-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Driver’s Licence Regulations, R.R.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1990, c. M-27",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/drivers-licence-regulations-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/traffic-safety-act-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-30",
      "topic": "J30 Emergency Vehicles, Drivers and Licensing",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Traffic statute": "Provincial law applies",
        "Exemptions require": "Provincial",
        "Move-over (passing speed)": "Provincial",
        "Volunteer personal vehicle": "Not applicable",
        "Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes": "Provincial; military permits for DND"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Traffic statute: Provincial law applies; Exemptions require: Provincial; Move-over (passing speed): Provincial; Volunteer personal vehicle: Not applicable; Heavy apparatus licence; air brakes: Provincial; military permits for DND",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Government Property Traffic Regulations, C.R.C., c. 887",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._887/FullText.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._887/FullText.html",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j30-emergency-vehicles-drivers-and-licensing#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Trained firefighters may direct traffic for up to 2 hours without full TCP training",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96-15 Class 2 or 3 above 30 km/h; NFPA 1971 coat exempt",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "70 km/h (80+ zones) or 40 km/h; change lanes",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "OHS Part 18 and the Traffic Management Manual apply to all work zones"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Trained firefighters may direct traffic for up to 2 hours without full TCP training; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96-15 Class 2 or 3 above 30 km/h; NFPA 1971 coat exempt; Move-over (passing rule): 70 km/h (80+ zones) or 40 km/h; change lanes; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: OHS Part 18 and the Traffic Management Manual apply to all work zones",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicle Act Regulations, B.C. Reg. 26/58",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "High-visibility apparel": "Required on foot near traffic; no CSA edition named",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "60 km/h or posted if lower; move over where possible",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Code s. 194 at every work site, no exemption; TAC manual or listed methods"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: None; High-visibility apparel: Required on foot near traffic; no CSA edition named; Move-over (passing rule): 60 km/h or posted if lower; move over where possible; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Code s. 194 at every work site, no exemption; TAC manual or listed methods",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. T-6",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/T06.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Use of Highway and Rules of the Road Regulation, Alta. Reg. 304/2002",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2002_304.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Vehicle Equipment Regulation, Alta. Reg. 122/2009",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2009_122.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Peace officers only",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96:22 (approved list)",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "60 km/h",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Written traffic control plan on public highways"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Peace officers only; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96:22 (approved list); Move-over (passing rule): 60 km/h; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Written traffic control plan on public highways",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Traffic Safety Act, S.S. 2004, c. T-18.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/12208"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96-02 and Z96.1; flagpersons Z96-15 Class 3 Level 2",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "40 or 60 km/h; change lanes",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "WSH Part 20: procedures and certified flagpersons"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: None; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96-02 and Z96.1; flagpersons Z96-15 Class 3 Level 2; Move-over (passing rule): 40 or 60 km/h; change lanes; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: WSH Part 20: procedures and certified flagpersons",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Highway Traffic Act, C.C.S.M. c. H60",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/h060.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Not applicable",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96-15 (guidance)",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Slow and move over; widened 2027-01-01",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "No regulation for emergency scenes; guidance points to OTM Book 7"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Not applicable; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96-15 (guidance); Move-over (passing rule): Slow and move over; widened 2027-01-01; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: No regulation for emergency scenes; guidance points to OTM Book 7",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h08"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Not applicable",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96 for construction only",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Reduce speed; leave a free lane",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Firefighters’ traffic powers; provincial aide-mémoire (guidance)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Not applicable; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96 for construction only; Move-over (passing rule): Reduce speed; leave a free lane; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Firefighters’ traffic powers; provincial aide-mémoire (guidance)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, CQLR c. S-3.4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4"
        },
        {
          "text": "Highway Safety Code, CQLR c. C-24.2",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/C-24.2"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2026). Guides de référence pour les services de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/securite-situations-urgence/securite-incendie/services-de-securite-incendie-et-municipalites/guides-de-reference-pour-les-services-de-securite-incendie"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Not known",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96-15 (R2020) for any worker exposed to traffic",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Half the posted limit; change lanes",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Provincial manual not read"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Not known; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96-15 (R2020) for any worker exposed to traffic; Move-over (passing rule): Half the posted limit; change lanes; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Provincial manual not read",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety Act, N.B. Reg. 91-191",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191"
        },
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. M-17",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/M-17"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/91-191",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Relief from ss. 24.4-24.5 only while not reasonably practicable",
        "High-visibility apparel": "Latest CSA Z96 and Z96.1",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Lower of posted limit or 60 km/h; leave the adjacent lane",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "WHS Part 24: written safe-work procedure; manual for road work"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Relief from ss. 24.4-24.5 only while not reasonably practicable; High-visibility apparel: Latest CSA Z96 and Z96.1; Move-over (passing rule): Lower of posted limit or 60 km/h; leave the adjacent lane; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: WHS Part 24: written safe-work procedure; manual for road work",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 52/2013",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Using the Road Regulations, N.S. Reg. 230/2026, Sch. D",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/2026-230.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act, S.N.S. 2025, c. 20",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/traffic-safety-act-legislative-changes/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsworkplace.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Not mentioned",
        "High-visibility apparel": "Reflectorized vest; no Z96",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Half the posted limit; change lanes",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "General Regs Part 50: effective traffic control"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Not mentioned; High-visibility apparel: Reflectorized vest; no Z96; Move-over (passing rule): Half the posted limit; change lanes; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: General Regs Part 50: effective traffic control",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act General Regulations, P.E.I. Reg. EC180/87",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. H-5",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/h-05-highway_traffic_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o1-01g-occupational_health_and_safety_act_general_regulations.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "30 km/h below the limit; change lanes",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "OHS Part XVI: effective traffic control; provincial manual"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: None; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96; Move-over (passing rule): 30 km/h below the limit; change lanes; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: OHS Part XVI: effective traffic control; provincial manual",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Highway Traffic Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. H-3",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/h03.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Not applicable",
        "High-visibility apparel": "Yukon Level 1 to 3 garments; no Z96",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "None found",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Part 11 procedures for traffic control at incidents"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Not applicable; High-visibility apparel: Yukon Level 1 to 3 garments; no Z96; Move-over (passing rule): None found; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Part 11 procedures for traffic control at incidents",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicles Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 153",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0153/2002-0153.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "High-visibility apparel": "Required; no Z96 named",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Half the limit within 120 m",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Written traffic control plan where workers are at risk"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: None; High-visibility apparel: Required; no Z96 named; Move-over (passing rule): Half the limit within 120 m; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Written traffic control plan where workers are at risk",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Motor Vehicles Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. M-16",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/motor-vehicles-act-rsnwt-1988-cm-16/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "None",
        "High-visibility apparel": "Required; no Z96 named",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "None in 2019 text",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "Written traffic control plan where workers are at risk"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: None; High-visibility apparel: Required; no Z96 named; Move-over (passing rule): None in 2019 text; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: Written traffic control plan where workers are at risk",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Traffic Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. M-16",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/traffic-safety-act-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-31",
      "topic": "J31 Roadway Incident Scenes",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Emergency relief": "Not applicable",
        "High-visibility apparel": "CSA Z96 where moving vehicles pose a risk",
        "Move-over (passing rule)": "Provincial",
        "Traffic control rule at emergency scenes": "No federal rule for scenes; provincial law on roads"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Emergency relief: Not applicable; High-visibility apparel: CSA Z96 where moving vehicles pose a risk; Move-over (passing rule): Provincial; Traffic control rule at emergency scenes: No federal rule for scenes; provincial law on roads",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j31-roadway-incident-scenes#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Workers by definition",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart disease and heart injury; no time window",
        "Recent or pending change": "8 cancers added 2026-03-16",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "26; 5-20",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "Any trauma-related mental disorder, firefighters"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Workers by definition; Heart presumption: Heart disease and heart injury; no time window; Recent or pending change: 8 cancers added 2026-03-16; Cancers (count; minimum years): 26; 5-20; PTSD or mental injury presumption: Any trauma-related mental disorder, firefighters",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Occupational Disease Regulation, B.C. Reg. 125/2009",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/125_2009"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Covered by board order; in the presumptions",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart attack within 24 h of dispatch or attendance",
        "Recent or pending change": "4 cancers added and colorectal cut to 15 years (2023)",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "20; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD and traumatic psychological injury, first responders"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Covered by board order; in the presumptions; Heart presumption: Heart attack within 24 h of dispatch or attendance; Recent or pending change: 4 cancers added and colorectal cut to 15 years (2023); Cancers (count; minimum years): 20; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD and traumatic psychological injury, first responders",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. W-15",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Primary Site Cancer Regulation, Alta. Reg. 102/2003",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2003_102.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Board-Alberta. (2026). Policies and information manual.",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.ab.ca/assets/pdfs/public/policy/manual/printable_pdfs/complete_policy_manual.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Municipal brigade members are workers",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart injury within 24 h of attendance",
        "Recent or pending change": "Wildland firefighters added 2025-08-01",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "22; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "Psychological injury, all workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Municipal brigade members are workers; Heart presumption: Heart injury within 24 h of attendance; Recent or pending change: Wildland firefighters added 2025-08-01; Cancers (count; minimum years): 22; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: Psychological injury, all workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. W-17.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation General Regulations, 1985, R.R.S. c. W-17.1, Reg. 1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/1615"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Approved brigade members; municipality is deemed employer",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart injury within 24 h of attendance",
        "Recent or pending change": "Wildfire firefighters added",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "19; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, all workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Approved brigade members; municipality is deemed employer; Heart presumption: Heart injury within 24 h of attendance; Recent or pending change: Wildfire firefighters added; Cancers (count; minimum years): 19; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, all workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workers Compensation Act, C.C.S.M. c. W200",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Minimum Periods of Employment and Non-Smoking: Firefighters and OFC Personnel Regulation, Man. Reg. 160/2005",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/160-2005.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Diseases Regulation, Man. Reg. 69/2023",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/069-2023.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Approved brigade members; municipality is deemed employer",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart injury within 24 h of a fire scene or live-fire training",
        "Recent or pending change": "Kidney and colorectal moved into the Act 2025-07-01; regulation shows the change as pending",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "19; 10-20",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, first responders incl. volunteers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Approved brigade members; municipality is deemed employer; Heart presumption: Heart injury within 24 h of a fire scene or live-fire training; Recent or pending change: Kidney and colorectal moved into the Act 2025-07-01; regulation shows the change as pending; Cancers (count; minimum years): 19; 10-20; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, first responders incl. volunteers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sched. A",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16"
        },
        {
          "text": "Part I of the Act: Firefighters and Fire Investigators, O. Reg. 253/07",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/070253"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Only if a statement is filed; cancer list limited to employed operational firefighters",
        "Heart presumption": "None",
        "Recent or pending change": "List expanded to 15 (O.C. 532-2025)",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "15; 0-20",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, all workers with repeated or extreme exposure"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Only if a statement is filed; cancer list limited to employed operational firefighters; Heart presumption: None; Recent or pending change: List expanded to 15 (O.C. 532-2025); Cancers (count; minimum years): 15; 0-20; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, all workers with repeated or extreme exposure",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001, r. 8.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/A-3.001,%20r.%208.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Covered",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart attack within 24 h of an emergency scene",
        "Recent or pending change": "Review of both Acts; no expansion yet",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "10; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, emergency response workers incl. volunteers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Covered; Heart presumption: Heart attack within 24 h of an emergency scene; Recent or pending change: Review of both Acts; no expansion yet; Cancers (count; minimum years): 10; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, emergency response workers incl. volunteers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. W-13",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/W-13"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Compensation Act, S.N.B. 2009, c. F-12.5",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-12.5"
        },
        {
          "text": "General Regulation: Firefighters’ Compensation Act, N.B. Reg. 2009-72",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/2009-72"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafeNB. (2024). Public consultation launched on proposed changes to the Firefighters’ Compensation Act (news release, April 2024).",
          "url": "https://www.worksafenb.ca/about-us/news-and-events/news/2024/public-consultation-launched-on-proposed-changes-to-the-firefighters-compensation-act/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/W-13",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Covered; presumptions need 20 percent participation each year",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart attack within 24 h of an emergency scene",
        "Recent or pending change": "13 cancers added 2022-07-01",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "19; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, front-line and emergency response workers incl. volunteers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Covered; presumptions need 20 percent participation each year; Heart presumption: Heart attack within 24 h of an emergency scene; Recent or pending change: 13 cancers added 2022-07-01; Cancers (count; minimum years): 19; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, front-line and emergency response workers incl. volunteers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Compensation Regulations, N.S. Reg. 140/2003",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/wocfire.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Board of Nova Scotia [WCB Nova Scotia]. (2025). Firefighter coverage (May 2025; Appendix A, presumptive table).",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.ns.ca/sites/default/files/2025-09/WCB-Firefighter-Coverage.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/wocfire.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Covered; operating municipality is employer",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart attack, cardiac arrest or arrhythmia within 24 h of a call",
        "Recent or pending change": "5 cancers added June 2025",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "19; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "Trauma- and stressor-related disorders, all workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Covered; operating municipality is employer; Heart presumption: Heart attack, cardiac arrest or arrhythmia within 24 h of a call; Recent or pending change: 5 cancers added June 2025; Cancers (count; minimum years): 19; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: Trauma- and stressor-related disorders, all workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. W-7.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act General Regulations",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w07-1g-workers_compensation_act_general_regulations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Board of Prince Edward Island. (2025b). POL-01: Psychological or psychiatric condition (updated 2025-01-01).",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.pe.ca/DocumentManagement/Document/pol01_psychologicalorpsychiatriccondition.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Board of Prince Edward Island. (2025c). POL-65: Occupational disease (updated 2025-06-21).",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.pe.ca/DocumentManagement/Document/pol65_occupationaldisease.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Covered once the municipality applies and certifies members",
        "Heart presumption": "Heart injury within 24 h of a response",
        "Recent or pending change": "None since 2022",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "19; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, all workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Covered once the municipality applies and certifies members; Heart presumption: Heart injury within 24 h of a response; Recent or pending change: None since 2022; Cancers (count; minimum years): 19; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, all workers",
      "citations": [],
      "official_url": null,
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Brigade members are Government of Yukon workers",
        "Heart presumption": "Cardiac arrest within 24 h, wildland included",
        "Recent or pending change": "Wildland cancer coverage promised, not enacted",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "19; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "PTSD, all workers"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Brigade members are Government of Yukon workers; Heart presumption: Cardiac arrest within 24 h, wildland included; Recent or pending change: Wildland cancer coverage promised, not enacted; Cancers (count; minimum years): 19; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: PTSD, all workers",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Deemed workers; territorial government is employer unless the municipality pays",
        "Heart presumption": "Cardiac arrest within 24 h",
        "Recent or pending change": "From 2027-01-01: any prescribed cancer after 2 years, heart disease, PTSD",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "14; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "None until 2027-01-01"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Deemed workers; territorial government is employer unless the municipality pays; Heart presumption: Cardiac arrest within 24 h; Recent or pending change: From 2027-01-01: any prescribed cancer after 2 years, heart disease, PTSD; Cancers (count; minimum years): 14; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: None until 2027-01-01",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, S.N.W.T. 2007, c. 21",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Presumption Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2010",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Deemed workers; territorial government is employer unless the municipality pays",
        "Heart presumption": "Cardiac arrest within 24 h",
        "Recent or pending change": "Benefit changes not yet in force",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "14; 5-25",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Deemed workers; territorial government is employer unless the municipality pays; Heart presumption: Cardiac arrest within 24 h; Recent or pending change: Benefit changes not yet in force; Cancers (count; minimum years): 14; 5-25; PTSD or mental injury presumption: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, C.S.Nu., c. W-70",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/workers-compensation-act-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Presumption Regulations, Nu. Reg. 016-2010",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/firefighters-presumption-regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "An Act to Amend the Workers’ Compensation Act, S.Nu. 2025, c. 20",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/statutes/workers-compensation-act-act-amend-c20"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/workers-compensation-act-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-32",
      "topic": "J32 Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Volunteers": "Not applicable",
        "Heart presumption": "Province of employment",
        "Recent or pending change": "National cancer framework (not binding)",
        "Cancers (count; minimum years)": "Province of employment",
        "PTSD or mental injury presumption": "Province of employment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Volunteers: Not applicable; Heart presumption: Province of employment; Recent or pending change: National cancer framework (not binding); Cancers (count; minimum years): Province of employment; PTSD or mental injury presumption: Province of employment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Government Employees Compensation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. G-5",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/g-5/"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Framework on Cancers Linked to Firefighting Act, S.C. 2023, c. 20",
          "url": "https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-224"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health Canada. (2024). National framework on cancers linked to firefighting.",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/firefighters-health/national-framework-cancers-linked-firefighting.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/g-5/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Code s. 13(4)",
        "Re-employment obligation": "12 months’ service, 20+ workers, up to 2 years (s. 154.3)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (Workers Compensation Act [BC], 2019, s. 154.2); penalty up to the maximum wage rate (s. 154.5)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Paid firefighters excluded from the hours and overtime Part; volunteers from Parts 4-8 (ESR ss. 33-34)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Code s. 13(4); Re-employment obligation: 12 months’ service, 20+ workers, up to 2 years (s. 154.3); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (Workers Compensation Act [BC], 2019, s. 154.2); penalty up to the maximum wage rate (s. 154.5); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Paid firefighters excluded from the hours and overtime Part; volunteers from Parts 4-8 (ESR ss. 33-34)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Code, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 210",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/00_96210_01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Regulation, B.C. Reg. 396/95",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/396_95"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/19001_00",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act ss. 7(3), 11",
        "Re-employment obligation": "None",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (Workers’ Compensation Act [AB], 2000, s. 89.2); administrative penalty (s. 152.1)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Shifts of 24 hours at most; no work for 24 hours after a 24-hour shift; emergency exception (ESR ss. 43.7-43.75)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act ss. 7(3), 11; Re-employment obligation: None; Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (Workers’ Compensation Act [AB], 2000, s. 89.2); administrative penalty (s. 152.1); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Shifts of 24 hours at most; no work for 24 hours after a 24-hour shift; emergency exception (ESR ss. 43.7-43.75)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. W-15",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Alberta Human Rights Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. A-25.5",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/A25P5.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Regulation, Alta. Reg. 14/97",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/1997_014.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Saskatchewan Human Rights Code, 2018",
        "Re-employment obligation": "None found",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013 [SK], 2013, s. 53); fine up to $1,000 (s. 54)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Platoons and 24-hour shifts by regulation (The Saskatchewan Employment Act [SK], 2013, s. 2-22); 8 hours’ rest in 24, emergency exception (s. 2-13)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Saskatchewan Human Rights Code, 2018; Re-employment obligation: None found; Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013 [SK], 2013, s. 53); fine up to $1,000 (s. 54); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Platoons and 24-hour shifts by regulation (The Saskatchewan Employment Act [SK], 2013, s. 2-22); 8 hours’ rest in 24, emergency exception (s. 2-13)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. W-17.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Human Rights Code, 2018, S.S. 2018, c. S-24.2 (Saskatchewan).",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/70351/formats/78194/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Code ss. 9(1)(d), 12, 14",
        "Re-employment obligation": "12 months, 25+ workers; casual emergency workers excluded (s. 49.3)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Re-employment duty; penalty up to a year’s net average earnings (The Workers Compensation Act [MB], 2026, s. 49.3(15))",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "No firefighter rule; overtime only by consent or in an emergency (ESC s. 19)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Code ss. 9(1)(d), 12, 14; Re-employment obligation: 12 months, 25+ workers; casual emergency workers excluded (s. 49.3); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Re-employment duty; penalty up to a year’s net average earnings (The Workers Compensation Act [MB], 2026, s. 49.3(15)); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: No firefighter rule; overtime only by consent or in an emergency (ESC s. 19)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workers Compensation Act, C.C.S.M. c. W200",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Human Rights Code, C.C.S.M. c. H175",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/h175.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Employment Standards Code, C.C.S.M. c. E110",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/e110.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Regulation, Man. Reg. 6/2007",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/006-2007.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Code ss. 11, 17, 24",
        "Re-employment obligation": "1 year’s service, 20+ workers, to the 2nd anniversary at most (s. 41)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997 [ON], 1997, s. 40); penalty a share of claim costs (s. 86)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Salaried firefighters: platoon systems, 48-hour average, one day off a week (FPPA s. 43); employment standards hours and overtime do not apply"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Code ss. 11, 17, 24; Re-employment obligation: 1 year’s service, 20+ workers, to the 2nd anniversary at most (s. 41); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997 [ON], 1997, s. 40); penalty a share of claim costs (s. 86); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Salaried firefighters: platoon systems, 48-hour average, one day off a week (FPPA s. 43); employment standards hours and overtime do not apply",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sched. A",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Code, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.19",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90h19"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 4",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97f04"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97w16",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Charter ss. 10, 16, 20",
        "Re-employment obligation": "Return within 1 year (20 or fewer workers) or 2 years (more than 20) (s. 240)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Temporary assignment (LATMP s. 179); no sanction for an injury (s. 32)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "No firefighter rule; right to refuse beyond 14 hours in 24 or 50 a week, except in danger (LSA s. 59.0.1)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Charter ss. 10, 16, 20; Re-employment obligation: Return within 1 year (20 or fewer workers) or 2 years (more than 20) (s. 240); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Temporary assignment (LATMP s. 179); no sanction for an injury (s. 32); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: No firefighter rule; right to refuse beyond 14 hours in 24 or 50 a week, except in danger (LSA s. 59.0.1)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, CQLR c. A-3.001",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001"
        },
        {
          "text": "Charter of human rights and freedoms, CQLR c. C-12",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/C-12"
        },
        {
          "text": "Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c. N-1.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/N-1.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-3.001",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act ss. 2.2, 4",
        "Re-employment obligation": "12 months; 1 year (under 20 workers) or 2 years (20+)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Re-employment duty with administrative penalty (Workers’ Compensation Act [NB], 1973, ss. 42.4-42.5); firefighter reinstatement (Firefighters’ Compensation Act [NB], 2009, s. 41)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "No daily or weekly limit (ESA s. 14); 24-hour weekly rest except emergencies (s. 17)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act ss. 2.2, 4; Re-employment obligation: 12 months; 1 year (under 20 workers) or 2 years (20+); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Re-employment duty with administrative penalty (Workers’ Compensation Act [NB], 1973, ss. 42.4-42.5); firefighter reinstatement (Firefighters’ Compensation Act [NB], 2009, s. 41); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: No daily or weekly limit (ESA s. 14); 24-hour weekly rest except emergencies (s. 17)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. W-13",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/W-13"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Compensation Act, S.N.B. 2009, c. F-12.5",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-12.5"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, R.S.N.B. 2011, c. 171",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/2011-c.171"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Act, S.N.B. 1982, c. E-7.2",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/E-7.2"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/W-13",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act ss. 5, 6(f)",
        "Re-employment obligation": "Not confirmed",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate since 2025-07-15; penalty up to the full cost of the claim (Workers’ Compensation Act [NS], 1994-95, s. 89A)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "No OHS hours rule; Labour Standards Code application not confirmed"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act ss. 5, 6(f); Re-employment obligation: Not confirmed; Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate since 2025-07-15; penalty up to the full cost of the claim (Workers’ Compensation Act [NS], 1994-95, s. 89A); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: No OHS hours rule; Labour Standards Code application not confirmed",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 214",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/human%20rights.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Labour Standards Code, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 246",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/labour%20standards%20code.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/human%20rights.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act",
        "Re-employment obligation": "12 months, 20+ workers, up to 2 years or age 65; not for volunteers (ss. 86.1-86.11)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (Workers Compensation Act [PE], 1988, s. 86); penalty up to compensation and costs",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Employment Standards Act repealed and replaced in 2024"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act; Re-employment obligation: 12 months, 20+ workers, up to 2 years or age 65; not for volunteers (ss. 86.1-86.11); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (Workers Compensation Act [PE], 1988, s. 86); penalty up to compensation and costs; Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Employment Standards Act repealed and replaced in 2024",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. W-7.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. H-12 (Prince Edward Island).",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/en/legislation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. E-6.2",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/e-06-2-employment_standards_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act, 2010 s. 14",
        "Re-employment obligation": "1 year’s service, 20+ workers, up to 2 years (s. 101)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Act, 2022 [NL], 2022, s. 100); penalty up to benefit costs",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "8 consecutive hours off in every 24 except imminent hazard; 24 hours’ weekly rest except emergencies (LSA ss. 22-23)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act, 2010 s. 14; Re-employment obligation: 1 year’s service, 20+ workers, up to 2 years (s. 101); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Act, 2022 [NL], 2022, s. 100); penalty up to benefit costs; Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: 8 consecutive hours off in every 24 except imminent hazard; 24 hours’ weekly rest except emergencies (LSA ss. 22-23)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, 2010, S.N.L. 2010, c. H-13.1",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/h13-1.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Labour Standards Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/l02.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/h13-1.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act",
        "Re-employment obligation": "1 year’s service, 20+ workers; volunteer brigade members excluded (s. 118)",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Co-operate (WSCA s. 117)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Employment standards not read"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act; Re-employment obligation: 1 year’s service, 20+ workers; volunteer brigade members excluded (s. 118); Return-to-work duty and penalty: Co-operate (WSCA s. 117); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Employment standards not read",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 116 (Yukon).",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 72 (Yukon).",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act",
        "Re-employment obligation": "None found",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Worker co-operation only; no employer re-employment duty found",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Impairment policy including fatigue (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 35.1); employment standards not read"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act; Re-employment obligation: None found; Return-to-work duty and penalty: Worker co-operation only; no employer re-employment duty found; Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Impairment policy including fatigue (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NT], 2024, s. 35.1); employment standards not read",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, S.N.W.T. 2007, c. 21",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c. 18 (Northwest Territories).",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Employment Standards Act, S.N.W.T. 2007, c. 13 (Northwest Territories).",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Human Rights Act",
        "Re-employment obligation": "None found",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Same as Northwest Territories",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "Impairment policy including fatigue (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NU], 2021, s. 35.1); labour standards not read"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Human Rights Act; Re-employment obligation: None found; Return-to-work duty and penalty: Same as Northwest Territories; Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: Impairment policy including fatigue (Occupational Health and Safety Regulations [NU], 2021, s. 35.1); labour standards not read",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, C.S.Nu., c. W-70",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/workers-compensation-act-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Human Rights Act, S.Nu. 2003, c. 12 (Nunavut).",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/workers-compensation-act-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-33",
      "topic": "J33 Return to Work, Accommodation and Hours of Work",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Accommodation and BFOR": "Canadian Human Rights Act ss. 7, 15, 25",
        "Re-employment obligation": "Same",
        "Return-to-work duty and penalty": "Federal private sector: return where reasonably practicable (Canada Labour Code [CA], 1985, s. 239.1)",
        "Hours-of-work rule for firefighters": "8 hours a day and 40 a week; 48-hour maximum; 8 hours’ rest; emergency exceptions (Canada Labour Code [CA], 1985, Part III)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Accommodation and BFOR: Canadian Human Rights Act ss. 7, 15, 25; Re-employment obligation: Same; Return-to-work duty and penalty: Federal private sector: return where reasonably practicable (Canada Labour Code [CA], 1985, s. 239.1); Hours-of-work rule for firefighters: 8 hours a day and 40 a week; 48-hour maximum; 8 hours’ rest; emergency exceptions (Canada Labour Code [CA], 1985, Part III)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canadian Human Rights Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. H-6",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/H-6/FullText.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/l-2/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j33-return-to-work-accommodation-and-hours-of-work#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Safety Act (in force 2024-08-01); Community Charter, Local Government Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Commissioner",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "Provincial minimum training standards by declared service level",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Risk-based compliance monitoring of public buildings"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Safety Act (in force 2024-08-01); Community Charter, Local Government Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Commissioner; Mandatory training or certification: Provincial minimum training standards by declared service level; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Risk-based compliance monitoring of public buildings",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, S.B.C. 2016, c. 19",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/16019"
        },
        {
          "text": "Community Charter, S.B.C. 2003, c. 26",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/03026_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Local Government Act, R.S.B.C. 2015, c. 1",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/r15001_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "Emergency and Disaster Management Act, S.B.C. 2023, c. 37",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/23037"
        },
        {
          "text": "BC Office of the Fire Commissioner. (2024). BC structure firefighter minimum training standards (4th ed.).",
          "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/public-safety-and-emergency-services/public-safety/fire-safety/training/minimum_training_standards_structural_ff_manual.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/16019",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "None; Municipal Government Act, Safety Codes Act, Forest and Prairie Protection Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Office of the Fire Commissioner (administrative)",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None; voluntary provincial certification",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Emergency management hazard and risk assessment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: None; Municipal Government Act, Safety Codes Act, Forest and Prairie Protection Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Office of the Fire Commissioner (administrative); Mandatory training or certification: None; voluntary provincial certification; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Emergency management hazard and risk assessment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Municipal Government Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. M-26",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/M26.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Safety Codes Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. S-1",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/S01.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Forest and Prairie Protection Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. F-19",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/F19.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Local Authority Emergency Management Regulation, Alta. Reg. 203/2018",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2018_203.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/O02P2.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/M26.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Safety Act (2015)",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire commissioner (provincial public safety agency)",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None; OHS competence training",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Fire service information filed and updated yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Safety Act (2015); Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire commissioner (provincial public safety agency); Mandatory training or certification: None; OHS competence training; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Fire service information filed and updated yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Fire Safety Act, S.S. 2015, c. F-15.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/76411/formats/85690/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fire Safety Regulations, R.R.S. c. F-15.11, Reg. 1",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/76861"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/76411/formats/85690/download",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act; Municipal Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Commissioner",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None; certificates available",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Annual emergency response resources report"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act; Municipal Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Commissioner; Mandatory training or certification: None; certificates available; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Annual emergency response resources report",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Municipal Act, C.C.S.M. c. M225",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/m225.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Fires Prevention and Emergency Response Act, C.C.S.M. c. F80",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/f080.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Hose Regulation, Man. Reg. 102/87 R",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/102-87r.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/m225.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Marshal",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "O. Reg. 343/22: 2026-07-01 and 2028-07-01",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Community risk assessment every 5 years, reviewed yearly"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Marshal; Mandatory training or certification: O. Reg. 343/22: 2026-07-01 and 2028-07-01; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Community risk assessment every 5 years, reviewed yearly",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 4",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97f04"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighter Certification, O. Reg. 343/22",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r22343"
        },
        {
          "text": "Community Risk Assessments, O. Reg. 378/18",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/180378"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/97f04",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Safety Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "No fire marshal; Minister and fire investigation commissioners",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "Mandatory by role and population (S-3.4, r. 1)",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Regional fire safety cover plans, revised within 8 years"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Safety Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: No fire marshal; Minister and fire investigation commissioners; Mandatory training or certification: Mandatory by role and population (S-3.4, r. 1); Risk assessment or service-level duty: Regional fire safety cover plans, revised within 8 years",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, CQLR c. S-3.4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4"
        },
        {
          "text": "Regulation respecting the conditions governing the exercise of functions within a municipal fire safety service, CQLR c. S-3.4, r. 1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cr/S-3.4,%20r.%201"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ministère de la Sécurité publique. (2025). Aide-mémoire: orientations du ministre de la Sécurité publique en matière de sécurité incendie.",
          "url": "https://cdn-contenu.quebec.ca/cdn-contenu/adm/min/securite-publique/publications-adm/publications-secteurs/securite-incendie/soutien-municipalites-incendie/aide-memoire-orientations-securite-incendie.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Prevention Act; Local Governance Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire marshal",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None; voluntary certification",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Prevention Act; Local Governance Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire marshal; Mandatory training or certification: None; voluntary certification; Risk assessment or service-level duty: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. F-13",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-13"
        },
        {
          "text": "Local Governance Act, S.N.B. 2017, c. 18",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/2017-c.18"
        },
        {
          "text": "Emergency Measures Act, R.S.N.B. 2011, c. 147",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/2011-c.147"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-13",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Safety Act; Municipal Government Act Part XII; Support for Fire Protection Services Act (2026)",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Marshal; new Fire Commissioner office being set up",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None yet; Minister may set standards under the 2026 Act",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Municipal fire inspection program"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Safety Act; Municipal Government Act Part XII; Support for Fire Protection Services Act (2026); Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Marshal; new Fire Commissioner office being set up; Mandatory training or certification: None yet; Minister may set standards under the 2026 Act; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Municipal fire inspection program",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, S.N.S. 2002, c. 6",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/fire%20safety.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Regulations, N.S. Reg. 48/2003",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/fsfiresf.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Municipal Government Act, S.N.S. 1998, c. 18",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/municipal%20government.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Support for Fire Protection Services Act, S.N.S. 2026, c. 6",
          "url": "https://www.nslegislature.ca/legc/bills/65th_1st/3rd_read/b186.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7",
          "url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/occupational%20health%20and%20safety.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/fire%20safety.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Prevention Act; Municipal Government Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Marshal",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Prevention Act; Municipal Government Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Marshal; Mandatory training or certification: None; Risk assessment or service-level duty: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. F-11",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/f-11-fire_prevention_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Municipal Government Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. M-12.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/m-12.1-municipal_government_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Emergency Measures Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. E-6.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/e-06-1-emergency_measures_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/o-1-01-occupational_health_and_safety_act.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/f-11-fire_prevention_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Protection Services Act; Towns and Local Service Districts Act (2025)",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire commissioner",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "Provincial minimum training standard (orientation level, 2009)",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Minister may prescribe minimum service standards"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Protection Services Act; Towns and Local Service Districts Act (2025); Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire commissioner; Mandatory training or certification: Provincial minimum training standard (orientation level, 2009); Risk assessment or service-level duty: Minister may prescribe minimum service standards",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Protection Services Act, S.N.L. 2008, c. F-11.01",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/f11-01.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Towns and Local Service Districts Act, S.N.L. 2023, c. T-6.2",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/t06-2.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Chief Regulations, N.L.R. 26/00",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc000026.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Protection Act, S.N.L. 1996, c. F-11.1",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/f11-1.htm"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2009). NL minimum training standards: Orientation level (effective 2009-08-01). Fire and Emergency Services.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-nlafs-publication.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120005.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/statutes/f11-01.htm",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Prevention Act; Municipal Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire marshal",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None by statute; OHS Part 11 requires NFPA 1001 training",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Prevention Act; Municipal Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire marshal; Mandatory training or certification: None by statute; OHS Part 11 requires NFPA 1001 training; Risk assessment or service-level duty: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 89",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0089/2002-0089.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Municipal Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 154",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0154/2002-0154.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1010, Standard on professional qualifications for firefighters (consolidates NFPA 1001, 1002, 1003 and 1005).",
          "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1010-standard-development/1010"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2002/2002-0089/2002-0089.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Prevention Act; community government Acts",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Marshal",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None; voluntary defensive program (2025)",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Service level by bylaw or policy (code of practice)"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Prevention Act; community government Acts; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Marshal; Mandatory training or certification: None; voluntary defensive program (2025); Risk assessment or service-level duty: Service level by bylaw or policy (code of practice)",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Prevention Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. F-6",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hamlets Act, S.N.W.T. 2003, c. 22, Sch. C",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/legislation/hamlets-act-snwt-2003-c22-schc/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "Fire Safety Act; Hamlets Act",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "Fire Marshal",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "None in force",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Fire protection plans"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: Fire Safety Act; Hamlets Act; Fire marshal or commissioner: Fire Marshal; Mandatory training or certification: None in force; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Fire protection plans",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. F-6",
          "url": "https://nunavutlegislation.ca/en/file-download/download/public/7243"
        },
        {
          "text": "Hamlets Act, C.S.Nu., c. H-10",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/hamlets-act-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://nunavutlegislation.ca/en/file-download/download/public/7243",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-34",
      "topic": "J34 Fire Services Legislation and Firefighter Certification",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Fire services statute": "None",
        "Fire marshal or commissioner": "None (internal directives)",
        "Mandatory training or certification": "Airport firefighters: training within 12 months",
        "Risk assessment or service-level duty": "Airport critical category and annual response test"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Fire services statute: None; Fire marshal or commissioner: None (internal directives); Mandatory training or certification: Airport firefighters: training within 12 months; Risk assessment or service-level duty: Airport critical category and annual response test",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Transport Canada. (2026). Standard 323: Aircraft fire fighting at airports and aerodromes (modified 2026-08-20).",
          "url": "https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/standards/standard-323-aircraft-fire-fighting-airports-aerodromes-canadian-aviation-regulations-cars"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j34-fire-services-legislation-and-firefighter-certification#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Year round, with bans by order",
        "Permit rule": "Burn registration number for Category 3 and 4 open fires",
        "Wildfire statute": "Wildfire Act and regulation",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "BC Wildfire Service",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "Structure protection course (16 h) and annual refresher for deployment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Year round, with bans by order; Permit rule: Burn registration number for Category 3 and 4 open fires; Wildfire statute: Wildfire Act and regulation; Lead agency for wildfires: BC Wildfire Service; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: Structure protection course (16 h) and annual refresher for deployment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97",
          "url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00"
        },
        {
          "text": "BC Wildfire Service. (2026). S-100 2026 training standard (wildland fire suppression). Government of British Columbia.",
          "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/public-safety-and-emergency-services/wildfire-status/employment/contract-opportunties/s-100_2026_training_standard.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/296_97_00",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "1 March to 31 October",
        "Permit rule": "Fire permit in a permit area during the season",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forest and Prairie Protection Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Province in the forest protection area; rural municipality elsewhere",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None in law"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: 1 March to 31 October; Permit rule: Fire permit in a permit area during the season; Wildfire statute: Forest and Prairie Protection Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Province in the forest protection area; rural municipality elsewhere; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None in law",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Forest and Prairie Protection Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. F-19",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/F19.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Code, Alta. Reg. 191/2021",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Regs/2021_191.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Compensation Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. W-15",
          "url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/W15.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://kings-printer.alberta.ca/documents/Acts/F19.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Prescribed by regulation",
        "Permit rule": "Burn notification number in or within 4.5 km of a provincial forest, or in park land",
        "Wildfire statute": "The Wildfire Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Prescribed by regulation; Permit rule: Burn notification number in or within 4.5 km of a provincial forest, or in park land; Wildfire statute: The Wildfire Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Wildfire Act, S.S. 2014, c. W-13.01",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/71013/formats/81151/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/112399/formats/126367/download"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. W-17.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/api/v1/products/71013/formats/81151/download",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "1 April to 15 November",
        "Permit rule": "Burning permit in a burning permit area",
        "Wildfire statute": "The Wildfires Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Province; municipality within its boundaries",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: 1 April to 15 November; Permit rule: Burning permit in a burning permit area; Wildfire statute: The Wildfires Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Province; municipality within its boundaries; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Wildfires Act, C.C.S.M. c. W128",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w128.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/217-2006.php?lang=en"
        },
        {
          "text": "The Workers Compensation Act, C.C.S.M. c. W200",
          "url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w200.php?lang=en"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/w128.php?lang=en",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "1 April to 31 October",
        "Permit rule": "Permit unless the small-pile, night-time or grass rules are met, or a municipal permit applies",
        "Wildfire statute": "Wildland Fire Management Act; O. Reg. 43/26",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Ministry of Natural Resources; municipality within its limits in the fire region",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None in the certification regulation"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: 1 April to 31 October; Permit rule: Permit unless the small-pile, night-time or grass rules are met, or a municipal permit applies; Wildfire statute: Wildland Fire Management Act; O. Reg. 43/26; Lead agency for wildfires: Ministry of Natural Resources; municipality within its limits in the fire region; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None in the certification regulation",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Wildland Fire Management Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. F.24",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f24"
        },
        {
          "text": "Wildland Fire Management, O. Reg. 43/26",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r26043"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90f24",
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "1 April to 15 November (permits)",
        "Permit rule": "Fire permit in or near a forest",
        "Wildfire statute": "Fire Safety Act, Chapter VI.1; Sustainable Forest Development Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Designated forest fire protection organization",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "Not researched"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: 1 April to 15 November (permits); Permit rule: Fire permit in or near a forest; Wildfire statute: Fire Safety Act, Chapter VI.1; Sustainable Forest Development Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Designated forest fire protection organization; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: Not researched",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Fire Safety Act, CQLR c. S-3.4",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4"
        },
        {
          "text": "Sustainable Forest Development Act, CQLR c. A-18.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/A-18.1"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-3.4",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Third Monday of April to 31 October",
        "Permit rule": "Written permit for Categories 2 to 4; daily status for Category 1",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forest Fires Act; Regulation 84-204",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Provincial natural resources department",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Third Monday of April to 31 October; Permit rule: Written permit for Categories 2 to 4; daily status for Category 1; Wildfire statute: Forest Fires Act; Regulation 84-204; Lead agency for wildfires: Provincial natural resources department; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "General Regulation 84-204, N.B. Reg. 84-204",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/84-204"
        },
        {
          "text": "Firefighters’ Compensation Act, S.N.B. 2009, c. F-12.5",
          "url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cs/F-12.5"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.gnb.ca/en/document/cr/84-204",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "15 March to 15 October",
        "Permit rule": "Daily burn map; paper permit for industrial burning",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forests Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Provincial natural resources department",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "Basic forest fire suppression course"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: 15 March to 15 October; Permit rule: Daily burn map; paper permit for industrial burning; Wildfire statute: Forests Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Provincial natural resources department; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: Basic forest fire suppression course",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Renewables. (2024). 2023 Nova Scotia wildfires after-action report (prepared by Calian).",
          "url": "https://novascotia.ca/natr/forestprotection/wildfire/nova-scotia-wildfires-2023-after-action-report.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://novascotia.ca/natr/forestprotection/wildfire/nova-scotia-wildfires-2023-after-action-report.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "To 15 November in 2026",
        "Permit rule": "Permit for Categories 2 to 4",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forest Management Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Forests, Fish and Wildlife Division",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: To 15 November in 2026; Permit rule: Permit for Categories 2 to 4; Wildfire statute: Forest Management Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Forests, Fish and Wildlife Division; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Forest Management Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. F-14",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/f-14-forest_management_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. W-7.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Prince Edward Island. (2026). Wildfire response in PEI.",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/en/information/land-and-environment/wildfire-response-in-pei"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/f-14-forest_management_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Island 1 May, Labrador 15 May, to 30 September (2026 order)",
        "Permit rule": "Free burn permit in season",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forestry Act; Forest Fire Regulations",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Provincial wildfire management",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Island 1 May, Labrador 15 May, to 30 September (2026 order); Permit rule: Free burn permit in season; Wildfire statute: Forestry Act; Forest Fire Regulations; Lead agency for wildfires: Provincial wildfire management; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2026a). Forest fire season. Wildfire management.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/fal/wildfiremanagement/forest-fire-season/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fire Protection Services Regulations, N.L.R. 45/12",
          "url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120045.htm"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/regulations/rc120045.htm",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "1 April to 30 September",
        "Permit rule": "Permission from the local wildland fire office",
        "Wildfire statute": "Not confirmed",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Yukon Wildland Fire Management",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "Not verified"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: 1 April to 30 September; Permit rule: Permission from the local wildland fire office; Wildfire statute: Not confirmed; Lead agency for wildfires: Yukon Wildland Fire Management; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: Not verified",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178",
          "url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations"
        },
        {
          "text": "Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11",
          "url": "https://laws.yukon.ca/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/2021/2021-0011/2021-0011.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.wcb.yk.ca/regulations",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Closed season 1 May to 30 September",
        "Permit rule": "Permit to burn for land clearing within 1 km of a forest area",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forest Protection Act",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Territorial wildfire program",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Closed season 1 May to 30 September; Permit rule: Permit to burn for land clearing within 1 km of a forest area; Wildfire statute: Forest Protection Act; Lead agency for wildfires: Territorial wildfire program; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Forest Protection Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. F-10",
          "url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/acts/forest-protection-act-rsnwt-1988-cf-10/text/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015",
          "url": "https://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws.opennwt.ca/acts/forest-protection-act-rsnwt-1988-cf-10/text/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Not confirmed",
        "Permit rule": "Not confirmed",
        "Wildfire statute": "Forest Protection Act listed (not read)",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "None found",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "None"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Not confirmed; Permit rule: Not confirmed; Wildfire statute: Forest Protection Act listed (not read); Lead agency for wildfires: None found; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: None",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016",
          "url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.nunavutlegislation.ca/en/consolidated-law/occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-official-consolidation",
      "verification_status": "Not yet verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-35",
      "topic": "J35 Wildland and Interface Fire",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Season": "Not applicable",
        "Permit rule": "Not applicable",
        "Wildfire statute": "Canadian Aviation Regulations (airspace)",
        "Lead agency for wildfires": "Federal land managers on federal lands",
        "Wildland qualification for municipal crews": "Interagency standards by agreement"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Season: Not applicable; Permit rule: Not applicable; Wildfire statute: Canadian Aviation Regulations (airspace); Lead agency for wildfires: Federal land managers on federal lands; Wildland qualification for municipal crews: Interagency standards by agreement",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-86-304/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health Canada. (2024). National framework on cancers linked to firefighting.",
          "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/firefighters-health/national-framework-cancers-linked-firefighting.html"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j35-wildland-and-interface-fire#federal"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "BC",
      "jurisdiction": "British Columbia",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "COR incentive",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "CEPF volunteer and composite fire department stream",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "COR through the BC Municipal Safety Association"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: COR incentive; Provincial fire service funding: CEPF volunteer and composite fire department stream; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: COR through the BC Municipal Safety Association",
      "citations": [],
      "official_url": null,
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#british-columbia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "AB",
      "jurisdiction": "Alberta",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "PIR refunds up to 20 per cent (COR 10, then 5 a year)",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Fire Services Training Program grant (training only)",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "COR or SECOR through the municipal health and safety association"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: PIR refunds up to 20 per cent (COR 10, then 5 a year); Provincial fire service funding: Fire Services Training Program grant (training only); COR or equivalent for a municipal department: COR or SECOR through the municipal health and safety association",
      "citations": [],
      "official_url": null,
      "verification_status": "Verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#alberta"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "SK",
      "jurisdiction": "Saskatchewan",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "Merit rating power; safe employer award",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "No general program found; one-time extrication program",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "COR for construction only; no municipal partner"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: Merit rating power; safe employer award; Provincial fire service funding: No general program found; one-time extrication program; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: COR for construction only; no municipal partner",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "The Workers’ Compensation Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. W-17.11",
          "url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362"
        },
        {
          "text": "WorkSafe Saskatchewan. (2026). Saskatchewan safety associations.",
          "url": "https://www.worksafesask.ca/resources/saskatchewan-safety-associations/"
        },
        {
          "text": "Center for Public Safety Excellence [CPSE]. (2019). Fire and emergency service self-assessment manual (10th ed.). Commission on Fire Accreditation International.",
          "url": "https://cpse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/10th-Edition-FESSAM-Strikethrough-Underline-v.4.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://publications.saskatchewan.ca/#/products/69362",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#saskatchewan"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "MB",
      "jurisdiction": "Manitoba",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "Rebate of 15 per cent or $3,000, capped at 75 per cent",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Mutual aid and training district fund",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "SAFE Work Certified; no municipal partner"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: Rebate of 15 per cent or $3,000, capped at 75 per cent; Provincial fire service funding: Mutual aid and training district fund; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: SAFE Work Certified; no municipal partner",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Office of the Fire Commissioner. (2024). Mutual Aid District Building Manitoba Incentive Fund: Terms of use. Manitoba.",
          "url": "https://firecomm.gov.mb.ca/docs/mb_building_fund_tor_jan_2024.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://firecomm.gov.mb.ca/docs/mb_building_fund_tor_jan_2024.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#manitoba"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "ON",
      "jurisdiction": "Ontario",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "WSIB Health and Safety Excellence program",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Fire Protection Grant: $20M in 2026-27, about $16,000 per station",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "Accredited systems: ISO 45001, CSA Z45001, IHSA COR 2020"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: WSIB Health and Safety Excellence program; Provincial fire service funding: Fire Protection Grant: $20M in 2026-27, about $16,000 per station; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: Accredited systems: ISO 45001, CSA Z45001, IHSA COR 2020",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01"
        },
        {
          "text": "Health and Safety Management Systems and Procurement, O. Reg. 364/25",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r25364"
        },
        {
          "text": "Government of Ontario. (2026). Supporting Ontario’s Safe Employers program (updated 2026-05-12).",
          "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/supporting-ontarios-safe-employers-program"
        },
        {
          "text": "Ontario Office of the Fire Marshal. (2026). Fire Protection Grant 2026-27: Instructions and guidelines. Ministry of the Solicitor General.",
          "url": "https://oafc.on.ca/sites/default/files/OFM/FP%20Grant%202026-27%20Instructions%20and%20Guidelines_EN.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90o01",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#ontario"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "QC",
      "jurisdiction": "Quebec",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "Experience rating and prevention groups",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Firefighter training assistance program",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "No COR; sector association; ISO 45001"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: Experience rating and prevention groups; Provincial fire service funding: Firefighter training assistance program; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: No COR; sector association; ISO 45001",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1",
          "url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1"
        },
        {
          "text": "Gouvernement du Québec. (2026). Aide financière au milieu municipal pour la formation des pompiers et pompières (updated 2026-05-19).",
          "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/securite-situations-urgence/securite-incendie/services-de-securite-incendie-et-municipalites/soutien-aux-municipalites-en-matiere-de-securite-incendie/aide-financiere-formation-pompiers-pompieres"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/document/cs/S-2.1",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#quebec"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NB",
      "jurisdiction": "New Brunswick",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "Employer refund announced 2026",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "None found",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: Employer refund announced 2026; Provincial fire service funding: None found; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Center for Public Safety Excellence [CPSE]. (2019). Fire and emergency service self-assessment manual (10th ed.). Commission on Fire Accreditation International.",
          "url": "https://cpse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/10th-Edition-FESSAM-Strikethrough-Underline-v.4.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://cpse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/10th-Edition-FESSAM-Strikethrough-Underline-v.4.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Not yet verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#new-brunswick"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NS",
      "jurisdiction": "Nova Scotia",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "Rebate for construction and trucking only",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Emergency Services Provider Fund: $30,000 individual, $200,000 regional",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "WCB Safety Certified (any industry); COR only through the construction association"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: Rebate for construction and trucking only; Provincial fire service funding: Emergency Services Provider Fund: $30,000 individual, $200,000 regional; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: WCB Safety Certified (any industry); COR only through the construction association",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Construction Safety Nova Scotia [CSNS]. (2023). COR evaluation instrument (FM 9.16, Rev. 10).",
          "url": "https://constructionsafetyns.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FM-9.16-COR-Evaluation-Instrument-Rev.10.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://constructionsafetyns.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FM-9.16-COR-Evaluation-Instrument-Rev.10.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#nova-scotia"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "PE",
      "jurisdiction": "Prince Edward Island",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "Experience rating; volunteer fire employers pay no assessments",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "None current found",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "None found"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: Experience rating; volunteer fire employers pay no assessments; Provincial fire service funding: None current found; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: None found",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Workers Compensation Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. W-7.1",
          "url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf"
        },
        {
          "text": "Center for Public Safety Excellence [CPSE]. (2019). Fire and emergency service self-assessment manual (10th ed.). Commission on Fire Accreditation International.",
          "url": "https://cpse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/10th-Edition-FESSAM-Strikethrough-Underline-v.4.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.princeedwardisland.ca/sites/default/files/legislation/w-07-1-workers_compensation_act.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#prince-edward-island"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NL",
      "jurisdiction": "Newfoundland and Labrador",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "PRIME",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Fire protection vehicle and equipment programs",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "COR for construction only; provincial fire department assessment"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: PRIME; Provincial fire service funding: Fire protection vehicle and equipment programs; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: COR for construction only; provincial fire department assessment",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. (2013a). Municipal fire department assessment criteria. Fire and Emergency Services.",
          "url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-municipal-firedepartmentassessmentcriteria.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://www.gov.nl.ca/jps/files/publications-municipal-firedepartmentassessmentcriteria.pdf",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#newfoundland-and-labrador"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "YT",
      "jurisdiction": "Yukon",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "CHOICES rebate 4 to 10 per cent (COR 10), up to $25,000",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "None found",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "COR and SECOR through Northern Safety Network Yukon"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: CHOICES rebate 4 to 10 per cent (COR 10), up to $25,000; Provincial fire service funding: None found; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: COR and SECOR through Northern Safety Network Yukon",
      "citations": [],
      "official_url": null,
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#yukon"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NT",
      "jurisdiction": "Northwest Territories",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "No financial incentive described",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "None found",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "Safe Workplace and Advanced Safe Workplace; COR through the Northern Safety Association"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: No financial incentive described; Provincial fire service funding: None found; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: Safe Workplace and Advanced Safe Workplace; COR through the Northern Safety Association",
      "citations": [],
      "official_url": null,
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#northwest-territories"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "NU",
      "jurisdiction": "Nunavut",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "As Northwest Territories",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "None found",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "As Northwest Territories"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: As Northwest Territories; Provincial fire service funding: None found; COR or equivalent for a municipal department: As Northwest Territories",
      "citations": [],
      "official_url": null,
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#nunavut"
    },
    {
      "topic_id": "FSSMS-JUR-36",
      "topic": "J36 External Verification and Funding",
      "jurisdiction_code": "FED",
      "jurisdiction": "Federal",
      "requirements": {
        "Compensation board incentive": "None",
        "Provincial fire service funding": "Wildfire equipment fund (through provinces); Canada Community-Building Fund (fire halls)",
        "COR or equivalent for a municipal department": "No COR; certified airports must run a safety management system"
      },
      "requirement_summary": "Compensation board incentive: None; Provincial fire service funding: Wildfire equipment fund (through provinces); Canada Community-Building Fund (fire halls); COR or equivalent for a municipal department: No COR; certified airports must run a safety management system",
      "citations": [
        {
          "text": "Canadian Aviation Regulations, SOR/96-433",
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/"
        }
      ],
      "official_url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-96-433/",
      "verification_status": "Partly verified",
      "topic_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding",
      "section_url": "https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding#federal"
    }
  ]
}