# J03 OHS Policy and Program > Fire Service Safety Management System, version 0.3.3 (2026-10-25). The Human Factor. Document FSSMS-JUR-03. > > Canonical: https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program > > Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 with the Adopting Agency Grant (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) > > General information only, not legal, medical or other professional advice. Verify every requirement against the current official text of the law, standards and manufacturer instructions that apply to you. Obtain your own legal review and consult your joint health and safety committee before adopting anything. You adopt, adapt, implement and rely on this material entirely at your own risk and on your own responsibility. Full terms: Terms of Use, thehumanfactor.ca. > **Warning: Law changes; verify before you rely on this page** > > This page summarizes what each jurisdiction’s law requires on this topic as of 2026-10-23. It is general information, not legal advice. Check the official text for your jurisdiction before you adopt or rely on anything here. See [00a Copyright, Licence and Legal Notices](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/copyright-licence-and-legal-notices). ## What this topic covers Most Canadian OHS laws require a written OHS policy, a written OHS program, or both, once a workforce reaches a set size. This page sets out, for each jurisdiction, the headcount that triggers each document, what the program must contain, how often each must be reviewed, who must be consulted and who must receive a copy. The numbers differ more than people expect: the policy threshold runs from every employer, to more than five workers, to twenty, the program threshold from every employer to twenty or fifty workers or only listed industries, and the required program elements from none to twelve. ## Why it matters to a fire department The OHS program is the legal frame this whole safety management system answers to: where the law lists program elements, those elements are what an officer asks to see and what an audit tests. A fire department is almost always part of a larger employer, usually the municipality, so the headcount that triggers the program is normally the employer’s, not the station’s, and a small department inside a large municipality is caught by the municipal program. Departments often assume that a binder of standard operating guidelines is the program; in most jurisdictions it is only one element, and the program must also show hazard identification, inspections, investigation, training, records and a way of checking that it works. ## What every department must cover, wherever it is 1. Find out who your OHS employer is (the municipality, regional district, rural district, society or registered department) and count its regularly employed workers the way your statute counts them, including whether volunteers and paid-on-call members count (see your jurisdiction below and [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters)). 2. Confirm whether your jurisdiction requires a written OHS policy, at what size, and what it must state; most require the employer’s commitment and the responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and workers (see the At a glance table). 3. Sign, date, post and review the policy on your jurisdiction’s cycle, and consult the committee or representative when you do (see below). 4. Confirm whether a written OHS program is required and map its legally required elements to the parts of this system that satisfy them (see below; the elements become audit criteria). 5. Make sure the program has, at least, hazard identification and control, an inspection schedule, written procedures for the work that needs them, training and supervision, incident investigation, records and statistics, worker participation and a way of monitoring its own effectiveness; these appear in some form in every jurisdiction that lists elements (see below, [J04 Hazard Assessment and Workplace Inspections](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j04-hazard-assessment-and-workplace-inspections) and [J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation)). 6. Review the program on your jurisdiction’s cycle (annually, every three years, or when circumstances change) and record the review (see the At a glance table). 7. Give the committee or representative a copy, and any worker who asks, where your law requires it (see below and [J05 Joint Committee and Health and Safety Representative](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j05-joint-committee-and-health-and-safety-representative)). 8. Put the separate policies your jurisdiction requires of every employer, such as harassment and violence policies, inside the program, whatever your size (see below, [J26 Workplace Violence](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j26-workplace-violence) and [J27 Workplace Harassment](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment)). ## At a glance | Jurisdiction | Written OHS policy | Written OHS program | Program elements in law | Review interval | Verified | |:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---| | British Columbia | No separate duty; aims statement is in the program | 20+ workers with a moderate or high hazard workplace, or 50+; smaller: informal program with monthly meetings | 7 (OHSR 3.3) | Not fixed | Yes | | Alberta | None | 20+ regularly employed, or on a Director’s direction | None prescribed | Not fixed | Yes | | Saskatchewan | Within the program; harassment and violence policies for all | Only listed (Table 7) places with 10+; fire services not listed unless ordered | 10 (OHSR 3-11) | At least every 3 years | Yes | | Manitoba | Within the program; harassment policy for all | 20+ regularly employed (12-month average) | 12 [(The Workplace Safety and Health Act \[MB\], 2026, s. 7.4(5))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-workplace-safety-and-health-act-mb) | Every 3 years or on change | Yes | | Ontario | More than 5 workers; reviewed annually; posted | More than 5 workers; contents not prescribed | None prescribed | Policy annually | Yes | | Quebec | Psychological harassment policy for all | Prevention program at 20+; action plan below 20 | 9 (LSST s. 59) | Updated every year; report to CNESST every 3 years | Yes | | New Brunswick | 20+ in the province; 5-19 at a place of employment | 20+ in the province | 7 (s. 8.1) | Program annually | Yes | | Nova Scotia | 5+ regularly employed; reviewed annually | 20+ regularly employed | 9 (s. 28(2)) | Policy annually; program not fixed | Yes | | Prince Edward Island | 5+ regularly employed; reviewed annually | 20+ regularly employed; reviewed annually | 9 (s. 23(3)) | Both annually | Yes | | Newfoundland and Labrador | Under 20 workers (instead of a program) | 20+ workers | 12 [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 \[NL\], 2026, s. 12)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2012-nl) | Program 3 years; policy annually | Yes | | Yukon | Every employer: prevention policy statements and procedures | 20+ regularly employed (health and safety management system) | 12 (s. 44(3)) | Every 3 years | Partly | | Northwest Territories | Within the program; harassment and impairment policies for all | 20+ workers at the work site, or on direction | 11 [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[NT\], 2024, s. 21(2))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-nt) | At least every 3 years | Yes | | Nunavut | Within the program; harassment policy for all | 20+ workers at the work site, or on direction | 11 [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[NU\], 2021, s. 21(2))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-nu) | At least every 3 years | Partly | | Federal | Every employer: policy statement available | Every employer: hazard prevention program | 6 (COHSR 19.1) | Evaluated at least every 3 years | Yes | ## British Columbia **Law.** Workers Compensation Act, s. 21(2)(c) [(Workers Compensation Act \[BC\], 2019, s. 21(2)(c))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workers-compensation-act-bc); Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, ss. 3.1 to 3.3 [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulation \[BC\], 2026, ss. 3.1-3.3)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulation-bc). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** There is no free-standing policy duty; the program must contain “a statement of the employer’s aims and the responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and workers” [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulation \[BC\], 2026, s. 3.3(a))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulation-bc). - **Formal program threshold.** Required for an employer with a workforce of 20 or more and at least one workplace rated moderate or high hazard under Schedule 3-A, or with a workforce of 50 or more; it then applies to the whole of the employer’s operations, and an officer may require one anywhere (s. 3.1). Smaller employers run “a less formal program based on regular monthly meetings with workers”, with records of the meetings (s. 3.2). - **Program elements (s. 3.3).** (a) the statement of aims and responsibilities; (b) regular inspection of premises, equipment, work methods and work practices at appropriate intervals; (c) “appropriate written instructions, available for reference by all workers”; (d) periodic management meetings to review health and safety activities and incident trends; (e) prompt incident investigation; (f) records and statistics, available to the committee or representative and on request to an officer and the union; (g) instruction and supervision of workers. - **Review and copies.** No fixed review interval is set; records and statistics must be available as above. **Fire-service nuance.** - A municipal employer passes the 20-worker and hazard-rating tests across its whole operation, so the fire department is inside the municipal program even where the department alone is small (s. 3.1(1.1)). - Part 31 adds five mandatory written fire-service procedures and conditional ones that sit inside element (c); see [J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation). - WorkSafeBC’s OHS policy on bullying and harassment expects a written harassment policy whose main elements are reviewed annually (WorkSafeBC, n.d.-d); see [J27 Workplace Harassment](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j27-workplace-harassment). **Status.** Verified against the official text on 2026-10-23 (regulation current to 2026-10-20). Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Alberta **Law.** Occupational Health and Safety Act, ss. 1(s) and 16 [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[AB\], 2020, ss. 1(s), 16)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-ab). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** No stand-alone OHS policy duty in the Act or the Code. - **Program threshold.** “An employer who regularly employs 20 or more workers or on the direction of a Director shall, subject to the OHS Code, establish and implement a health and safety program” (s. 16). - **Program elements.** None prescribed: a health and safety program is “a co-ordinated system of procedures, processes and other measures that is designed to be implemented by organizations in order to promote continuous improvement in occupational health and safety” (s. 1(s)). - **Review and copies.** No fixed interval; written plans and procedures required by the Act or Code must be readily available to workers and the committee (s. 55(6)-(7)). **Fire-service nuance.** - The exclusion of unpaid workers from the “regularly employs” count applies to the committee and representative thresholds; whether it also applies to the s. 16 program threshold is not stated; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). - Where a municipality holds or seeks a certificate of recognition, the audit criteria give the program practical content; see [J36 External Verification and Funding](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding). **Status.** Verified against the official consolidation (to 2025-06-11) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Saskatchewan **Law.** The Saskatchewan Employment Act, ss. 3-20, 3-21 and 3-21.1 [(The Saskatchewan Employment Act \[SK\], 2013, ss. 3-20 to 3-21.1)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-saskatchewan-employment-act-sk); The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, ss. 3-11, 3-25, 3-26 and Table 7 [(The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 \[SK\], 2021, ss. 3-11, 3-25, 3-26)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2020-sk). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** No stand-alone threshold; a policy statement is program element (a). Every employer, regardless of size, must have a written harassment policy and a written violence policy statement and prevention plan [(The Saskatchewan Employment Act \[SK\], 2013, ss. 3-21, 3-21.1)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-saskatchewan-employment-act-sk). - **Program threshold.** Only at a “prescribed place of employment” (s. 3-20(1)): the places in Table 7 with 10 or more workers [(The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 \[SK\], 2021, s. 3-11(2))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2020-sk). Table 7 does not list municipal fire services, so a fire department needs a program only if the director orders one [(The Saskatchewan Employment Act \[SK\], 2013, s. 3-20(6)-(8))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-saskatchewan-employment-act-sk). - **Program elements [(The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 \[SK\], 2021, s. 3-11(1))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2020-sk).** (a) policy statement; (b) identification of existing and potential risks and the control measures, including emergency procedures; (c) internal and external emergency resources; (d) responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and workers; (e) a schedule for regular inspection of the place and of work processes and procedures; (f) a plan for controlling biological and chemical substances; (g) a training plan for workers and supervisors; (h) a procedure for investigating accidents, dangerous occurrences and refusals; (i) a strategy for worker participation, including audit inspections and investigations; (j) a procedure to review and revise the program at intervals “not greater than 3 years” and on change. **Fire-service nuance.** - Not being on Table 7 does not mean no written plan: Part 32 requires a written emergency response plan developed with the committee, covering functions, minimum staffing, response, an incident management system and personnel accountability [(The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020 \[SK\], 2021, s. 32-3)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2020-sk); see [J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation). - A department should still adopt the s. 3-11 elements by policy: they match this system’s program structure and are what an officer will ask about after an incident. **Status.** Verified against the King’s Printer consolidations (Act to 2025-12-31; regulations to 2021-04-01) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Manitoba **Law.** The Workplace Safety and Health Act, s. 7.4 [(The Workplace Safety and Health Act \[MB\], 2026, s. 7.4)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-workplace-safety-and-health-act-mb); Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, ss. 10.1 and 11.3 [(Workplace Safety and Health Regulation \[MB\], 2026, ss. 10.1, 11.3)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workplace-safety-and-health-regulation-mb). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** No stand-alone threshold; “a statement of the employer’s policy with respect to the protection of the safety and health of workers” is element (a) of the program. Every employer needs a harassment prevention policy [(Workplace Safety and Health Regulation \[MB\], 2026, s. 10.1)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workplace-safety-and-health-regulation-mb), and a violence prevention policy is required wherever Part 11 applies (s. 11.3). - **Program threshold.** A written program “for each workplace where 20 or more workers of that employer are regularly employed” [(The Workplace Safety and Health Act \[MB\], 2026, s. 7.4(1))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-the-workplace-safety-and-health-act-mb), counted by averaging the full-time and part-time workers present each working day over the previous 12 months (s. 7.4(2)). The director may permit one program for more than one workplace (s. 7.4(3)). - **Program elements (s. 7.4(5)).** (a) policy statement; (b) identification of existing and potential dangers and the control measures, including emergency procedures; (c) internal and external emergency resources; (d) responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and workers; (e) a schedule for regular inspection of the workplace and of work processes and procedures; (f) a plan to control biological and chemical substances; (g) procedures for other employers and self-employed persons working at the workplace, with criteria for selecting them and for monitoring them; (h) a training plan for workers and supervisors; (i) a procedure for investigating incidents, dangerous occurrences and refusals; (j) worker participation, including inspections and investigations; (k) review and revision “every three years or more often” if circumstances change; (l) anything prescribed. - **Consultation and copies.** The program is designed with the committee or representative and made available on request (s. 7.4(6)-(7)). **Fire-service nuance.** - The daily-average count means an all-volunteer department, whose members are present only for calls and training, may stay below 20 even with a large roster (interpretation); the municipality’s count usually decides it. - Element (g) suits mutual aid partners, contractors who service apparatus and SCBA, and training-facility operators; see [J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j02-duties-of-employers-supervisors-workers-and-contractors). **Status.** Verified against the official consolidation (to 2026-10-20) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Ontario **Law.** Occupational Health and Safety Act, ss. 25(2)(j)-(k), 25(4), 32.0.1, 32.0.2 and 32.0.6 [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[ON\], 1990)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-on). **What must be covered.** - **Policy and program together.** The employer must “prepare and review at least annually a written occupational health and safety policy and develop and maintain a program to implement that policy” (s. 25(2)(j)), and post the policy in a conspicuous place or a readily accessible electronic format (s. 25(2)(k)). This does not apply where five or fewer workers are regularly employed, unless prescribed (s. 25(4)). - **Program elements.** None prescribed in the Act. - **Violence and harassment.** Policies on workplace violence and workplace harassment are required at every workplace and reviewed at least annually; they must be written and posted unless five or fewer workers are regularly employed (s. 32.0.1). Programs implement them (s. 32.0.2), and the harassment program is developed and maintained in consultation with the committee or representative (s. 32.0.6(1)). **Fire-service nuance.** - With no prescribed program contents, Ontario inspectors judge the program against the Act’s general duties and the Section 21 guidance notes; this system’s program structure supplies the content; see [J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations). - The threshold counts workers, who are paid; whether honorarium or per-call volunteers count is an interpretation; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). **Status.** Verified against the official text on 2026-10-23 (Act from 2025-11-27 to the e-Laws currency date). Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Quebec **Law.** Act respecting occupational health and safety, ss. 58 to 61.2 [(Act respecting occupational health and safety \[QC\], 2026, ss. 58-61.2)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-act-respecting-occupational-health-and-safety-qc); Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, ss. 4 to 6 [(Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment \[QC\], 2026, ss. 4-6)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-regulation-respecting-prevention-and-participation-mechanisms-in-an-establishment-qc); Act respecting labour standards, s. 81.19 [(Act respecting labour standards \[QC\], 2026, s. 81.19)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-act-respecting-labour-standards-qc). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** No general OHS policy duty; every employer must have a policy to prevent and manage psychological harassment [(Act respecting labour standards \[QC\], 2026, s. 81.19)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-act-respecting-labour-standards-qc), and it is part of the prevention program or action plan. - **Prevention program threshold.** Each establishment employing at least 20 workers during the year; kept until 31 December of the following year if numbers fall; the CNESST may require one at any size [(Act respecting occupational health and safety \[QC\], 2026, s. 58)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-act-respecting-occupational-health-and-safety-qc). One program may cover several establishments with activities of the same nature, for at least three years (s. 58.1). - **Program elements (s. 59).** The object is to eliminate risks at the source. It must set out (1) identification and analysis of risks, including chemical, biological, physical, ergonomic and psychosocial risks (including sexual violence); (2) measures and priorities following the regulated hierarchy of controls, with a schedule; (3) supervision, evaluation, maintenance and follow-up; (4) individual protective equipment; (5) training and information programs; (6) required medical examinations; (7) a list of dangerous substances and contaminants; (8) an adequate first aid service; (9) the psychological harassment policy. Elements (4) and (5) are determined by the committee (s. 78). - **Action plan below 20.** Where no program is required, an action plan with similar content (s. 61.1-61.2). - **Timing and review.** Prepared and implemented within one year [(Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment \[QC\], 2026, s. 4)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-regulation-respecting-prevention-and-participation-mechanisms-in-an-establishment-qc); updated every year (s. 5); controls follow a six-level hierarchy, from elimination to protective equipment (s. 6). The program and updates go to the committee, and every three years the employer reports its priorities and progress to the CNESST [(Act respecting occupational health and safety \[QC\], 2026, s. 60)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-act-respecting-occupational-health-and-safety-qc). **Fire-service nuance.** - The prevention mechanisms regulation replaced the former prevention programs regulation on 2025-10-01 [(Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment \[QC\], 2026)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-regulation-respecting-prevention-and-participation-mechanisms-in-an-establishment-qc), so a program written under the old rules should be checked against s. 59 and the new regulation (interpretation). - Psychosocial risks are a required element, which makes critical incident stress part of the legal program; see [J28 Psychological Health and Safety](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j28-psychological-health-and-safety). **Status.** Verified against the LégisQuébec consolidations (Act to 2026-08-12; regulation to 2026-07-01) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## New Brunswick **Law.** Occupational Health and Safety Act, ss. 8, 8.1 and 17 [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[NB\], 1983, ss. 8, 8.1, 17)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-nb). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** Every employer with 20 or more employees regularly employed in the Province must establish a written safety policy, in consultation with the employees, setting out the responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and employees, and keep a copy at each place of employment for an officer (s. 8). An employer with 5 to 19 employees regularly employed at a place of employment must also establish a safety policy, which may provide for a health and safety representative (s. 17(1)). - **Program threshold.** Every employer with 20 or more employees regularly employed in the Province must establish and implement a written health and safety program, in consultation with the committee or representative (s. 8.1(1)). - **Program elements (s. 8.1(1)).** (a) training and supervision; (b) written work procedures and codes of practice required by the Act, regulations or orders; (c) identification of the types of work that need procedures; (d) a hazard identification system with workplace evaluation, inspection procedures and schedules, and hazard reporting and follow-up; (e) prompt investigation of hazardous occurrences; (f) a record system for training, accident statistics, procedures, inspections, maintenance, follow-up and investigations; (g) monitoring implementation and effectiveness. - **Review and copies.** Reviewed at least once a year in consultation with the committee or representative, and updated as required; a copy and the records go to the committee or representative, and to an employee or the Commission on request (s. 8.1(2)-(3)). **Fire-service nuance.** - The 20-employee count is province-wide for the employer, so a municipality’s fire department is inside its program; whether volunteers count is not addressed; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). - The annual review is one of the shortest cycles in Canada; schedule it with the committee’s annual plan. **Status.** Verified against the official consolidation (to 2024-06-07) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Nova Scotia **Law.** Occupational Health and Safety Act, ss. 3(ac), 27, 28 and 38 [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[NS\], 1996)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-ns). **What must be covered.** - **Policy threshold.** Where five or more employees are regularly employed by the employer, or the regulations or an officer require it, the employer must “prepare and review, at least annually, a written occupational health and safety policy, in consultation with the committee or representative” (s. 27(1)). Without a committee, consultation includes discussing the proposed policy at workplace health and safety meetings with the employees (s. 27(2)). - **Policy content.** The employer’s commitment to health and safety, including the reasons for it, the commitment to co-operate with employees, and the responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and other employees (s. 27(3)). The policy is posted (s. 38(1)(b)(iv)). - **Program threshold.** Where 20 or more employees are regularly employed, or the regulations require it, a written program “adapted to the circumstances of the organization”, established and maintained in consultation with the committee or representative (s. 28(1)). “Regularly employed” includes seasonal work with a predictably recurring period longer than four weeks (s. 3(ac)). - **Program elements (s. 28(2)).** (a) training and supervision; (b) written work procedures required to implement safe and healthy work practices, and identification of the types of work that need them; (c) the committee’s establishment and continued operation, including membership records, rules of procedure and access to a level of management that can resolve matters; (d) the representative, where required; (e) a hazard identification system with (i) evaluation of the workplace, (ii) procedures and schedules for regular inspections, (iii) procedures for reporting hazards and for accountability of those responsible for correcting them, and (iv) when hazards must be reported to the committee or representative; (f) monitoring, prompt follow-up and control of hazards; (g) prompt investigation of hazardous occurrences; (h) records and statistics, including inspection and investigation reports; (i) monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of the program. - **Copies and review.** A copy goes to the committee or representative and, on request, to any employee (s. 28(3)). The Act fixes no review interval for the program; element (i) is its self-evaluation duty. **Fire-service nuance.** - The annual policy review is a duty in the Act itself (s. 27(1)), not only guidance. - The program elements are the spine of this system; [the compliance checklist in the Nova Scotia pack](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/jurisdiction-pack-nova-scotia#compliance-checklist) maps each one to the chapters that satisfy it. - This system counts volunteers toward the five and twenty thresholds; the Act’s “employee” (“a person who is employed to do work”, s. 3(o)) does not settle the point; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). **Status.** Verified on 2026-10-23 against the consolidated Act (to 2025-09-01), read in a reproduction of the official consolidation because the Legislature’s site could not be reached. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Prince Edward Island **Law.** Occupational Health and Safety Act, ss. 1(s), 23 and 24 [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[PE\], 1988, ss. 1(s), 23-24)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-pe). **What must be covered.** - **Policy threshold.** Where five or more workers are regularly employed, a written policy, established and reviewed at least annually in consultation with the committee or representative (s. 24(1)); where neither exists, the employer consults the workers (s. 24(3)). It expresses the employer’s commitment, including co-operation with workers and the responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and other workers (s. 24(4)). - **Program threshold.** Where 20 or more workers are regularly employed, a written program, established and reviewed at least annually in consultation with the committee or representative (s. 23(1)). “Regularly employed” includes seasonal work recurring for more than 12 weeks (s. 1(s)). - **Program elements (s. 23(3)).** (a) training and supervision; (b) written work procedures and identification of the types of work that need them; (c) the committee’s establishment and operation; (d) selection and functions of the representative; (e) a hazard identification system with workplace evaluation, inspection procedures and schedules, hazard reporting and accountability, and when hazards go to the committee or representative; (f) monitoring and prompt follow-up; (g) prompt investigation of hazardous occurrences; (h) records and statistics; (i) monitoring the program’s effectiveness. - **Copies.** To the committee or representative and, on request, to a worker (s. 23(4)). **Fire-service nuance.** - PEI’s annual review of both documents is the most demanding cycle in Atlantic Canada; tie it to the committee’s annual plan. - Whether volunteers count toward “regularly employed” is not addressed; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). **Status.** Verified against the official consolidation (to 2023-08-01) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Newfoundland and Labrador **Law.** Occupational Health and Safety Act, ss. 36.1 and 36.2 [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[NL\], 1990, ss. 36.1-36.2)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-nl); Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, ss. 12 and 13 [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 \[NL\], 2026, ss. 12-13)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2012-nl). **What must be covered.** - **Program threshold.** 20 or more workers [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[NL\], 1990, s. 36.1)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-nl); the threshold was raised from 10 on 2024-03-01. The program is signed and dated by the employer and the senior manager in the province [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 \[NL\], 2026, s. 12(1))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2012-nl). - **Program elements [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 \[NL\], 2026, s. 12(1))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2012-nl).** (a) commitment to co-operate with the committee and workers; (b) responsibilities of the employer, supervisors, committee and workers; (c) procedures to identify the need for written safe work procedures; (d) written work procedures appropriate to the hazards; (e) an orientation and training plan, including emergency response; (f) the committee’s operation, including a member training plan; (g) a system for recognizing, evaluating and controlling hazards, with monitoring, inspection schedules “by management and committee members”, hazard reporting, prompt investigation, reporting to the committee and accountability; (h) a plan to control biological and chemical substances; (i) a system to make contractors comply; (j) an emergency response plan; (k) records and statistics, including committee minutes and inspection and investigation reports; (l) monitoring of effectiveness. - **Program review.** Implement it, and review and revise it at least every three years, on a change of circumstances, or when an officer asks (s. 12(2)). - **Policy below 20.** Employers under 20 workers have a written policy instead [(Occupational Health and Safety Act \[NL\], 1990, s. 36.2)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-act-nl): signed and dated, stating the commitment to co-operate with the representative or designate and workers and everyone’s responsibilities, and reviewed at least annually in consultation with the representative or designate [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012 \[NL\], 2026, s. 13)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-2012-nl). **Fire-service nuance.** - A small volunteer department that is its own employer may fall under the policy rule rather than the program rule; a municipal department is usually inside the municipality’s program. - Volunteers are deemed workers for compensation once admitted, but the OHS Act does not address them; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). **Status.** Verified against the official consolidations (Act through SNL 2023, c 15; regulations to NLR 48/26) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Yukon **Law.** Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, ss. 44 to 46 [(Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act \[YT\], 2021, ss. 44-46)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workers-safety-and-compensation-act-yt); Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, ss. 1.03.01, 1.04.01 and 19.01 [(Workplace Health and Safety Regulations \[YT\], 2022)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workplace-health-and-safety-regulations-yt). **What must be covered.** - **Every employer.** “Written policy statements and procedures for the prevention of injury” at each workplace, implemented and reviewed at least once every three years [(Workplace Health and Safety Regulations \[YT\], 2022, s. 1.04.01)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workplace-health-and-safety-regulations-yt); a hazard assessment for each workplace (s. 1.03.01); a written violence and harassment policy (s. 19.01). - **Program threshold.** A written health and safety management system where 20 or more workers are regularly employed, or on a board order, developed in consultation with the committee, representative or workers [(Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act \[YT\], 2021, ss. 44(1)-(2), 46)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-workers-safety-and-compensation-act-yt). - **Program elements (s. 44(3)).** (a) policy; (b) hazard identification and controls; (c) emergency response plan; (d) statement of responsibilities; (e) inspection schedule; (f) procedures for other employers and contractors; (g) worker and supervisor orientation and training; (h) investigation procedures; (i) worker participation; (j) review and revision procedures; (k) records; (l) anything prescribed or ordered. - **Review.** When circumstances change and at least every three years (s. 44(4)). Under 20 workers, hazard assessments are done with the workers or the representative (s. 45). **Fire-service nuance.** - “Worker” includes a volunteer (s. 25), but how volunteers count toward “regularly employed” is not defined; see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). - Part 11 requires written firefighting procedures that sit inside the system; see [J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation). **Status.** Partly verified: the Act was read in the Legislative Counsel consolidation captured 2024-12-25 (later amendments not checked); the regulations in the board’s official rendering on 2026-10-23. ## Northwest Territories **Law.** Safety Act, s. 7 [(Safety Act \[NT\], 1988, s. 7)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-safety-act-nt); Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, ss. 21, 34(4), 35(3) and 35.1(5) [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[NT\], 2024)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-nt). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** No stand-alone threshold; element (a) of the program. Every employer needs a written harassment policy (s. 34(4)) and a written impairment policy (s. 35.1(5)); a written violence policy is needed where violence has occurred or could reasonably be expected (s. 35(3)). - **Program threshold.** Where 20 or more workers work at the work site, or the Chief Safety Officer directs (s. 21(1)); the Act makes the program a duty [(Safety Act \[NT\], 1988, s. 7)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-safety-act-nt). - **Program elements [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[NT\], 2024, s. 21(2))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-nt).** (a) policy statement; (b) identification of hazards “through a hazard recognition program”; (c) control measures, including emergency procedures; (d) internal and external emergency resources; (e) responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and workers; (f) a schedule for regular inspection of the work site and of work processes and procedures; (g) a hazardous substance control and monitoring plan; (h) a training plan for workers and supervisors; (i) a procedure for investigating work refusals; (j) a strategy for worker participation, including audit inspections and refusal investigations; (k) review “not less than once every three years” and on change. - **Consultation and copies.** Implemented and updated in consultation with the committee or representative and the workers; written and available to workers (s. 21(3)-(4)). **Fire-service nuance.** - The WSCC’s firefighter code of practice expects the department’s service level, procedures and policies to form the written plan, with procedures reviewed at least once a year [(WSCC, 2017)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-wscc-2017); see [J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j06-written-procedures-and-committee-consultation). - Volunteers are workers and count toward the 20 [(Safety Act \[NT\], 1988, s. 1)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-safety-act-nt); see [J11 Volunteer Firefighters](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j11-volunteer-firefighters). **Status.** Verified against the Justice consolidations (Act to 2023-10-06; regulations to 2024-09-26), read through the laws.opennwt.ca mirror, on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Nunavut **Law.** Safety Act, s. 7 [(Safety Act \[NU\], 1988, s. 7)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-safety-act-nu); Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, ss. 21 and 34(4) [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[NU\], 2021)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-nu). **What must be covered.** - **Program and policy.** The same as the Northwest Territories: a program at 20 or more workers or on direction, with the 11 elements, reviewed at least every three years [(Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[NU\], 2021, s. 21)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-nu); a harassment policy for every employer (s. 34(4)). **Fire-service nuance.** - The WSCC firefighter code of practice applies in Nunavut from 2017-12-21 [(WSCC, 2017)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-wscc-2017). **Status.** Partly verified: the regulations (official consolidation to 2021-09-28) were checked against the Northwest Territories text; the Safety Act consolidation read is current only to 2016-06-19. ## Federal **Law.** Canada Labour Code, s. 125(1)(d), (z.03) and (z.13) [(Canada Labour Code \[CA\], 1985, s. 125(1))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-canada-labour-code-ca); Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Part XIX, ss. 19.1 to 19.8 [(Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[CA\], 2026, ss. 19.1-19.8)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-canada-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-ca). **What must be covered.** - **Policy.** Every employer, at any size, makes available in printed and electronic form “a statement of the employer’s general policy concerning the health and safety at work of employees” [(Canada Labour Code \[CA\], 1985, s. 125(1)(d)(ii))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-canada-labour-code-ca). - **Program.** Every employer develops, implements and monitors a hazard prevention program “appropriate to its size and the nature of the hazards”, in consultation with the policy committee or, if none, the work place committee or representative (s. 125(1)(z.03)), and a PPE program when necessary (s. 125(1)(z.13)). - **Program elements [(Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[CA\], 2026, s. 19.1(1))](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-canada-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-ca).** (a) an implementation plan; (b) a hazard identification and assessment methodology; (c) hazard identification and assessment; (d) preventive measures; (e) employee training; (f) a program evaluation [(Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations \[CA\], 2026, s. 19.1)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j03-ohs-policy-and-program#ref-canada-occupational-health-and-safety-regulations-ca). - **Review.** The program is evaluated, and revised if necessary, at least every three years, on a change in conditions and when new hazard information appears (s. 19.7(1)); the training program is reviewed on the same cycle (s. 19.6(3)). **Fire-service nuance.** - Airport fire services also run inside the airport operator’s aviation safety management system; see [J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j12-fire-service-ohs-rules-and-fireground-operations) and [J36 External Verification and Funding](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j36-external-verification-and-funding). **Status.** Verified against the Justice Laws consolidations (current to 2026-09-30) on 2026-10-23. Section numbers, thresholds and amounts re-checked against the same consolidations on 2026-10-24. ## Chapters that rely on this topic **Front matter** - [00 Fire Service Safety Management System - Program HQ](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/program-hq) **01 Foundations** - [01 Program Architecture](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/program-architecture) - [02 Standards and Law Master Map](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/standards-and-law-master-map) **02 Governance** - [02 JOHSC Integration](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/johsc-integration) - [03 Accountability and Reporting](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/accountability-and-reporting) - [04 Annual Program Cycle and Calendar](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/annual-program-cycle-and-calendar) - [05 Document Control and Records](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/document-control-and-records) **03 Assessment** - [01 Program Profile Worksheet](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/program-profile-worksheet) - [02 Gap Assessment Tool](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/gap-assessment-tool) - [03 Hazard Profile and Risk Register Method](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/hazard-profile-and-risk-register-method) **04 Policies** - [Policy - Emergency Operations Safety](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-emergency-operations-safety) - [Policy - Internal Responsibility and Accountability](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-internal-responsibility-and-accountability) - [Policy - Occupational Health and Safety](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-occupational-health-and-safety) - [Policy - Occupational Medical, Fitness and Wellness](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-occupational-medical-fitness-and-wellness) - [Policy - Program Review and Continuous Improvement](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-program-review-and-continuous-improvement) - [Policy - Records, Privacy and Health Information](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-records-privacy-and-health-information) - [Policy - Risk Management and Hazard Assessment](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-risk-management-and-hazard-assessment) - [Policy - Training and Competency](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-training-and-competency) **05 Programs** - [Emergency Operations Safety Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/emergency-operations-safety-program) - [Medical, Fitness and Wellness Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/medical-fitness-and-wellness-program) - [Occupational Cancer Prevention, Exposure Tracking and Screening Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/occupational-cancer-prevention-exposure-tracking-and-screening-program) - [Wildland and Interface Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/wildland-and-interface-program) - [Workplace Inspections Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/workplace-inspections-program) **07 Audit** - [01 Audit Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/audit-program) - [02 Audit Checklist Master Index](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/audit-checklist-master-index) - [Annual Inspection and Review Schedule](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/annual-inspection-and-review-schedule) - [Checklist - Audit and External Verification](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-audit-and-external-verification) - [Checklist - Department Emergency Preparedness and Continuity](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-department-emergency-preparedness-and-continuity) - [Checklist - Emergency Operations Safety](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-emergency-operations-safety) - [Checklist - Leadership, Policy and Program Management](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-leadership-policy-and-program-management) - [Checklist - Management Review](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-management-review) - [Checklist - Procedures and Document Control](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-procedures-and-document-control) - [Checklist - Records and Information](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-records-and-information) - [Checklist - Training and Competency](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-training-and-competency) - [Checklist - Worker Participation and JOHSC](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-worker-participation-and-johsc) - [Management Review](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/management-review) **08 Implementation** - [01 Implementation Roadmap 0-36 Months](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/implementation-roadmap-0-36-months) - [02 Business Case and Cost Model](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/business-case-and-cost-model) - [03 Communication, Training and Rollout Plan](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/communication-training-and-rollout-plan) - [04 Quick Start - First 90 Days](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/quick-start-first-90-days) **09 Forms and Templates** - [Form - OHS Policy Statement (Signature Page)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ohs-policy-statement-signature-page) ## Definitions - **OHS policy.** A short signed statement of the employer’s commitment to health and safety and of the responsibilities of the employer, supervisors and workers. - **OHS program.** The written system of procedures, processes and measures by which the employer carries out the policy and the law; called a health and safety management system in Yukon, a prevention program in Quebec and a hazard prevention program in federal law. - **Regularly employed.** The headcount test most statutes use for thresholds; each statute counts seasonal, part-time and unpaid workers differently. - **Self-evaluation element.** The program element that requires the employer to monitor whether the program is implemented and effective. ## References Act respecting labour standards, CQLR c. N-1.1 (Quebec; consolidated to 2026-08-12). Act respecting occupational health and safety, CQLR c. S-2.1 (Quebec; consolidated to 2026-08-12). Canada Labour Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. L-2 (Canada; consolidated to 2026-09-30; Part II). Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, SOR/86-304 (Canada; consolidated to 2026-09-30). Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. O-3 (Newfoundland and Labrador; consolidated to 2024-12-04). Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.1 (Ontario; consolidated to 2026-10-20). Occupational Health and Safety Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. O-1.01 (Prince Edward Island; consolidated to 2023-08-01). Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.A. 2020, c. O-2.2 (Alberta; consolidated to 2025-06-11). Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.B. 1983, c. O-0.2 (New Brunswick; consolidated to 2024-06-07). Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.N.S. 1996, c. 7 (Nova Scotia; consolidated to 2025-09-01; as amended by the Stronger Workplaces for Nova Scotia Act, S.N.S. 2024; official text not reachable on the research date). Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, B.C. Reg. 296/97 (British Columbia; consolidated to 2026-10-20). Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2012, N.L.R. 5/12 (Newfoundland and Labrador; consolidated to 2026-10-07). Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu. Reg. 003-2016 (Nunavut; consolidated to 2021-09-28). Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, N.W.T. Reg. 039-2015 (Northwest Territories; consolidated to 2024-09-26). Regulation respecting prevention and participation mechanisms in an establishment, CQLR c. S-2.1, r. 8.3 (Quebec; consolidated to 2026-07-01). Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-1 (Northwest Territories; consolidated to 2023-10-06). Safety Act, R.S.N.W.T. (Nu.) 1988, c. S-1 (Nunavut; consolidated to 2016-06-19). The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 2020, R.R.S. c. S-15.1, Reg. 10 (Saskatchewan; consolidated to 2021-04-07). The Saskatchewan Employment Act, S.S. 2013, c. S-15.1 (Saskatchewan; consolidated to 2025-12-31). The Workplace Safety and Health Act, C.C.S.M. c. W210 (Manitoba; consolidated to 2026-10-20). Workers Compensation Act, R.S.B.C. 2019, c. 1 (British Columbia; consolidated to 2026-10-13). Workers’ Safety and Compensation Act, S.Y. 2021, c. 11 (Yukon; consolidated to 2024-12-25). Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission \[WSCC\]. (2017). *Codes of practice: Firefighters* (in effect Nunavut 2017-12-21, Northwest Territories 2018-01-04). Workplace Health and Safety Regulations, Y.O.I.C. 2006/178 (Yukon; consolidated to 2022-09-30). Workplace Safety and Health Regulation, Man. Reg. 217/2006 (Manitoba; consolidated to 2026-10-20). WorkSafeBC. (n.d.-d). *OHS policies: Policies for the Workers Compensation Act*.