# SWP - Bunker Gear Retirement and Records > Fire Service Safety Management System, version 0.3.3 (2026-10-25). The Human Factor. Document FSSMS-SWP-10b. > > Canonical: https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records > > Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 with the Adopting Agency Grant (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) > > General information only, not legal, medical or other professional advice. Verify every requirement against the current official text of the law, standards and manufacturer instructions that apply to you. Obtain your own legal review and consult your joint health and safety committee before adopting anything. You adopt, adapt, implement and rely on this material entirely at your own risk and on your own responsibility. Full terms: Terms of Use, thehumanfactor.ca. > **Warning: Adoption without implementation increases legal exposure** > > Adopting this procedure without the training, equipment, supervision, verification and resources to carry it out as written increases municipal and command liability in a regulatory investigation or a fatality inquiry. See [00a Copyright, Licence and Legal Notices](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/copyright-licence-and-legal-notices). > **Speak up: Speak up** > > Anyone can stop this task if it looks wrong. Name the hazard, name the action: “Stop, that coat has no retirement tag and still has its label, it cannot go in the training bin.” Or: “This serial number has no record, hold it until we know its manufacture date.” The {{PPE Coordinator}} acknowledges, acts, and reviews it later for learning. The one debrief question for this task: “Did any element reach a member past 10 years, or without a record, and how did it get past us?” ## 1. Task and when this applies This procedure takes an element of a structural or proximity ensemble out of emergency service for good, makes sure it can never go back, and keeps the record that proves what happened to every element from purchase to disposal. It applies to coats, trousers, helmets, hoods, gloves, boots and their components. Retirement is required no later than 10 years from the date of manufacture, and earlier on condition, under the care and maintenance standard [(NFPA 1850, 2026, ch. 10)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-nfpa-1850). The per-garment record is the department’s evidence that the program ran, and part of the member’s exposure history ([Protective Clothing and Equipment Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/protective-clothing-and-equipment-program) elements 5.14 and 5.15). (S1) ## 2. Hazards - An element past its life or beyond repair finding its way back onto a rig, into a loaner pool, into a live fire evolution, or into another department’s hands. - Contaminated retired gear handled without protection or disposed of as ordinary waste; occupational exposure as a firefighter is carcinogenic to humans, Group 1 [(IARC, 2023)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-iarc-2023). - A member without serviceable gear because the replacement was not planned. - Records that cannot answer, years later, which gear a member wore and how it was maintained, when a presumptive compensation claim depends on it. ## 3. Controls in hierarchy order | Tier | Control in this task | |:---|:---| | Elimination | Rendering the element unusable removes the hazard of its reuse | | Substitution | Not applicable | | Engineering | A locked retirement holding area on the dirty side; a records system with a serial-number index and a monthly age report | | Administrative | This procedure; the monthly forecast; the retirement record; the training-only register; the issue record update; audit sampling; the member’s right to their own records | | PPE | Nitrile gloves and eye protection when handling and cutting retired gear; a respirator for contaminated items | ## 4. Required PPE and equipment Nitrile gloves, eye protection, heavy shears or a cutting tool, permanent marker, “retired” and “training only, not for live fire” tags, bags for disposal, the [Form - PPE Retirement Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-retirement-record), the per-garment record in {{Records system}}, the manufacturer’s disposal guidance, the municipality’s waste rules. (S1) ## 5. Minimum staffing and competencies The {{PPE Coordinator}} authorizes every retirement; a trained PPE technician or the {{PPE Coordinator}} renders the element unusable and records it. Training: the program’s records and retirement content on appointment, refreshed on any edition change ([Protective Clothing and Equipment Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/protective-clothing-and-equipment-program) section 6). (S1) ## 6. Step-by-step procedure > **Warning: Stop-work triggers** > > Stop and consult the {{PPE Coordinator}} if: an element has no record, no legible label or an unknown manufacture date (treat it as retired until proven otherwise); retired gear is found unmarked in a loaner pool, a locker or a training bin; a request is made to sell, donate or give retired gear to anyone for use at a fire; or a retired element is contaminated with a hazardous material, body fluids or asbestos. ### Part A: the monthly forecast (S1) 1. **Run the age report** on the first working day of each month: every in-service element reaching 10 years from its date of manufacture within the next 12 months, by station and by member. 2. **Plan the replacement.** Put the elements on the replacement line of the program’s budget worksheet and order so the replacement is fitted and issued before the retirement date. **Decision point: an element with no replacement in hand by its retirement date is still retired on the date**; the member draws a loaner until the replacement arrives. 3. **Tell the member** and the station officer the date, so nobody is surprised at the rig. ### Part B: retirement triggers (S1) 4. **Retire an element when any of these is true:** it is 10 years from the date of manufacture [(NFPA 1850, 2026, ch. 10)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-nfpa-1850); advanced inspection assigned category **E** (damage beyond the repair standard) ([SWP - Bunker Gear Advanced Inspection](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-advanced-inspection)); specialized cleaning could not remove a contaminant, or the contaminant is known to degrade the moisture barrier ([SWP - Bunker Gear Advanced and Specialized Cleaning and Repair](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-advanced-and-specialized-cleaning-and-repair)); a repair would alter a certified feature; the certification label is missing or illegible so the element’s compliance cannot be shown; or the manufacturer or the Equipment Standards team has withdrawn the model from service. Hoods, gloves and boots are usually retired on condition well before 10 years ([Protective Clothing and Equipment Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/protective-clothing-and-equipment-program) element 5.16). 5. **Authorize.** The {{PPE Coordinator}} signs the [Form - PPE Retirement Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-retirement-record) with the reason and the date. A member who disagrees with a retirement on condition may ask for a second inspection by another technician or the {{Verified ISP}}, and the request is honoured [(Edmondson, 1999)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-edmondson-1999); the age rule has no exception. ### Part C: rendering unusable and disposal (S1) 6. **Move the element to the locked retirement holding area** on the dirty side, tagged “retired”, the same day as the authorization. It is never left in a loaner pool, a gear room or a locker. 7. **Decision point: training only or destroy?** Retired gear may be kept for non-fire training (donning drills, rescue practice, equipment familiarization) only if it is not contaminated, is advanced-cleaned, has its certification label removed or permanently defaced, is marked on the outside in permanent marker “TRAINING ONLY, NOT FOR LIVE FIRE”, and is entered in the training-only register. It is never used in live fire training, never lent, sold, donated or given to a member for use at a fire ([Protective Clothing and Equipment Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/protective-clothing-and-equipment-program) element 5.15). 8. **Destroy the rest.** Remove or deface the certification label; cut the shell and liner so the element cannot be worn (through the front closure and across the back for coats, through the crotch and a leg for trousers; cut hood and glove seams; cut boot uppers; break helmet suspensions and cut the chin strap). Dispose of in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidance and the municipality’s waste rules. 9. **Contaminated retired gear** is bagged, tagged with the contaminant, and disposed of as that contaminant requires: hazardous waste for chemical contamination, biohazard waste for biological contamination, and asbestos waste under the applicable asbestos regulation ([J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos)). Wear nitrile gloves, eye protection and the respirator the department provides; do not cut asbestos-contaminated gear. 10. **Update the records the same day.** Close the per-garment record with the date of retirement, the reason, the disposition (destroyed, training only, hazardous disposal), and the authorizing role; update the member’s [Form - PPE Issue and Return Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-issue-and-return-record) to show the return; update the loaner pool register if the element was pool gear; update the training-only register if applicable. ### Part D: the per-garment record (S1) 11. **Keep one record per element**, indexed by serial number, from purchase to disposal, in {{Records system}}, with at least these fields [(NFPA 1850, 2026)](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-nfpa-1850): element type; manufacturer, model and lot; serial number; date of manufacture; date of purchase and cost; certification standard and edition; size; date of issue and member for every issue and return; every routine inspection finding that led to action; every advanced inspection with date, inspector and findings category; every advanced and specialized cleaning with date, method, who and the extractor or ISP batch; every repair with date, what, who and materials; exposure events linked from the member’s exposure record; storage location; date of retirement, reason, disposition and authorizing role. 12. **Feed it from the forms.** The [Form - PPE Issue and Return Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-issue-and-return-record) creates the record and every issue and return line; the [Form - PPE Routine Inspection Card](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-routine-inspection-card) adds a line only when a finding led to action; the [Form - PPE Advanced Inspection Checksheet](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-advanced-inspection-checksheet) adds every advanced inspection; the [Form - PPE Cleaning and Repair Log](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-cleaning-and-repair-log) adds every advanced and specialized cleaning and every repair; the [Form - Exposure Report](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-exposure-report) links the exposure events; the [Form - PPE Retirement Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-retirement-record) closes it. A paper card per garment meets the requirement at Stage 1; a barcode or RFID tag speeds entry. 13. **Members’ own records.** A member may ask for the records of the gear issued to them at any time, and receives them within 10 business days; a member leaving the department may take a copy. The records are part of the exposure history that supports a presumptive compensation claim ([Occupational Cancer Prevention, Exposure Tracking and Screening Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/occupational-cancer-prevention-exposure-tracking-and-screening-program)). 14. **Retain** the record for the life of the element plus the period set in [05 Document Control and Records](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/document-control-and-records), and never shorter than the retention the cancer prevention program sets for exposure records, so the record outlives the garment by decades. 15. **Sample for audit.** Each quarter the {{PPE Coordinator}} picks 10 serial numbers from the floor and finds their records, and 10 records and finds the elements; the {{Health and Safety Officer}} repeats the sample annually and the auditor uses it as the first question in [Checklist - Protective Clothing and Equipment](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-protective-clothing-and-equipment). A gap is a program finding, logged in the [Corrective Action Register](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/corrective-action-register), never a fault of the member whose gear it was ([Reason, 1997](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-reason-1997); [Dekker, 2016](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-dekker-2016)). **Retirement record fields** (the full form is [Form - PPE Retirement Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-retirement-record)) | Field | Entry | |:---|:---| | Serial number, element type, model, size | | | Date of manufacture; date of purchase; date of issue; member | | | Retirement date; trigger (age, category E, contamination, certification, withdrawal) | | | Last advanced inspection and cleaning dates | | | Disposition: destroyed; training only (register entry number); hazardous disposal (manifest) | | | Rendered unusable by (role) and date; label removed | | | Authorized by {{PPE Coordinator}}, date | | | Replacement ordered or issued, date | | | Issue record and loaner register updated, date | | ## 7. Emergency and contingency - Retired gear found in service: remove it immediately, issue a loaner, trace how it got there, and log the finding in the [Corrective Action Register](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/corrective-action-register); a Tier 1 after-action review at minimum under the [Incident Investigation and Learning Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/incident-investigation-and-learning-program). - A model withdrawn by the manufacturer or the Equipment Standards team: the {{PPE Coordinator}} retires every element of that model, notifies the {{Health and Safety Officer}} and the {{JOHSC}}, and plans the replacement; members use loaners. - Records system failure: fall back to the paper card and reconcile within 30 days. - A member leaves with gear outstanding: the issue record stays open and is pursued; gear returned later is cleaned, inspected and dispositioned before any reuse. ## 8. Documentation and reporting The monthly forecast; the [Form - PPE Retirement Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-retirement-record) per element; the per-garment record closure; the training-only register; disposal manifests for contaminated items; the issue and loaner register updates; the quarterly records sample. The {{PPE Coordinator}} reports retirements, the forecast for the coming year and the records completeness sample in the quarterly update; the annual program appraisal carries the life-cycle status and the replacement budget line. (S1) ## 9. Training and review The {{PPE Coordinator}} and technicians are trained on this procedure on appointment and on any edition change. The Protective Clothing, Equipment and Decontamination Program Improvement Team reviews it every 12 months, on any change to the records system or retention rule, and whenever retired gear is found in service; it is rewritten with the people who run the records ([Hollnagel, 2014](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-hollnagel-2014); [Conklin, 2012](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-retirement-and-records#ref-conklin-2012)). Safety-sensitive changes go to the {{JOHSC}} before adoption. Signed off by the {{PPE Program Manager}}. (S1) ## 10. Related [Protective Clothing and Equipment Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/protective-clothing-and-equipment-program) · [Policy - Personal Protective Equipment and Contamination Control](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/policy-personal-protective-equipment-and-contamination-control) · [Occupational Cancer Prevention, Exposure Tracking and Screening Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/occupational-cancer-prevention-exposure-tracking-and-screening-program) · [05 Document Control and Records](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/document-control-and-records) · [SWP - Bunker Gear Routine Inspection and Cleaning](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-routine-inspection-and-cleaning) · [SWP - Bunker Gear Advanced Inspection](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-advanced-inspection) · [SWP - Bunker Gear Advanced and Specialized Cleaning and Repair](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/swp-bunker-gear-advanced-and-specialized-cleaning-and-repair) · [Form - PPE Retirement Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-retirement-record) · [Form - PPE Issue and Return Record](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-issue-and-return-record) · [Form - PPE Routine Inspection Card](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-routine-inspection-card) · [Form - PPE Advanced Inspection Checksheet](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-advanced-inspection-checksheet) · [Form - PPE Cleaning and Repair Log](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-ppe-cleaning-and-repair-log) · [Form - Exposure Report](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/form-exposure-report) · [Checklist - Protective Clothing and Equipment](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/checklist-protective-clothing-and-equipment) · [Corrective Action Register](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/corrective-action-register) · [Incident Investigation and Learning Program](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/incident-investigation-and-learning-program) ## Jurisdiction requirements This chapter relies on the following legal requirements, which differ by province and territory. Check your jurisdiction’s section on each topic page before adopting it. | Topic | What to check in your jurisdiction | Page | |:---|:---|:---| | Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment | The duty to provide PPE adequate for the hazard and keep it maintained, which retirement on age and condition serves | [J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j13-firefighter-ppe-and-protective-equipment) | | WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos | The hazardous waste and asbestos rules for disposing of contaminated gear | [J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j21-whmis-hazardous-materials-and-asbestos) | | Infection Control and Medical First Response | The biological hazard rules for disposing of gear contaminated with blood or body fluids | [J25 Infection Control and Medical First Response](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j25-infection-control-and-medical-first-response) | | Workers’ Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions | The cancers presumed work-related for firefighters and the qualifying exposure conditions, such as whether forest fire exposure counts | [J32 Workers' Compensation and Firefighter Presumptions](https://thehumanfactor.ca/library/fire-service-safety/j32-workers-compensation-and-firefighter-presumptions) | ## References Conklin, T. (2012). *Pre-accident investigations: An introduction to organizational safety*. Ashgate. Dekker, S. (2016). *Just culture: Restoring trust and accountability in your organization* (3rd ed.). CRC Press. Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. *Administrative Science Quarterly, 44*(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999 Hollnagel, E. (2014). *Safety-I and Safety-II: The past and future of safety management*. Ashgate. International Agency for Research on Cancer \[IARC\]. (2023). *Occupational exposure as a firefighter* (IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans, Vol. 132; working group met June 2022). National Fire Protection Association. (2026). *NFPA 1850, Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting and open-circuit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)* (consolidates NFPA 1851 and 1852). Reason, J. (1997). *Managing the risks of organizational accidents*. Ashgate.