Checklist
Checklist - Training Safety and Live Fire
Document FSSMS-AUD-P08All stagesRevision 4Version 0.3.3
Topic pages open on your jurisdiction, and requirements tables show its line. You can change this on any page.
This program checklist audits Training Safety and Live Fire Program (FSSMS-PRG-08), the training safety clauses of Policy - Training and Competency (FSSMS-POL-11), SWP - Live Fire Training Evolutions, SWP - Training Tower and Prop Inspection and Form - Training Evolution Risk Assessment and Live Fire Go-No-Go: program governance; risk assessment and the training safety officer; instructor qualification; participants; live fire evolutions; acquired structures; props, towers and burn buildings; driver training grounds; heat, hydration and rehab; training injuries, near misses and drift; records; psychological safety and the accountability loop. The question in every item is whether training is the safest work members do, because it is the one place the department controls every variable.
It is the program team’s instrument for the annual appraisal and for spot-audits. In the annual internal audit it deepens items 5.6.1 to 5.6.8 of Checklist - Training and Competency (category 5); the audit plan states once whether this checklist replaces those items or is scored on the spare row 21 of the roll-up worksheet, so no item is counted twice. Category 5 keeps the system questions (needs analysis, certification floor, orientation, supervisor competency, the records system, volunteer access). Where the department does not burn, sections E and F are marked not applicable with the reason; where its members attend another agency’s burns, items 10, 13 and 16 to 27 are scored on the department’s check of the host’s plan.
The CFAI column crosswalks each item to the 10th edition performance indicator where one applies (CPSE, 2019); core competencies are marked CC. The 10th edition has no discrete training safety indicator, so the program supplies the evidence for the training and safety criteria listed.
| Source | What it requires | Items |
|---|---|---|
| Applicable OHS statute and regulations: the general duty and written procedures (J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors; J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation); the firefighter PPE, SCBA, buddy and fit-test rules, which apply in training as on the fireground (J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations; J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment; J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air); equipment inspected before use and at set intervals (J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices); fall protection (J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access); asbestos in acquired structures and burn permits (J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos; J35 Wildland and Interface Fire); serious-injury reporting and record retention (J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation; J09 Records Retention) | Legal floor for training work | 1, 4, 13, 16, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 42, 43 |
| NFPA 1403 (NFPA 1403, 2024) consolidating into NFPA 1400 (NFPA 1400, 2026): live fire roles, the pre-burn plan, walk-through, fuel, one fire, ratio, rapid intervention crew, backup line, EMS, acquired structures, training facilities and props | Live fire and facility controls | 16 to 34 |
| NFPA 1550 (NFPA 1550, 2024, ch. 5 and ch. 7) | Training safety officer authority and competencies; training mirrors operations | 4 to 8, 23, 27 |
| NFPA 1020 (NFPA 1020, 2025), the professional qualifications standard for fire and emergency services instructors, fire officers and EMS officers, which absorbed NFPA 1041 (2019 edition) | Instructor, live fire instructor and instructor-in-charge qualifications | 9 to 12 |
| NFPA 1010 (NFPA 1010, 2024, ch. 6) | Participant prerequisites | 13 |
| NFPA 1580 (NFPA 1580, 2025) | Medical status and rehabilitation in training | 13, 37, 38 |
| CSA Z1001 (CSA Z1001-18) | Managed training: evaluation, records | 2, 39, 43 |
| CFAI categories 8 and 11A (CPSE, 2019, criteria 8A.3, 8B.1, 8B.5, 8B.6, 8C.1, 8C.2, 8C.5, 8C.6, 8C.8, 11A.3, 11A.5 to 11A.7, 11A.9, 11A.12) | Training program performance, resources and safety | As marked |
| The reference live fire death and its departures from the standard (NIOSH, 2008, report F2007-09) | Every departure is an item | 10, 13, 16 to 27 |
| Drift (Vaughan, 1996); just culture (Dekker, 2016); psychological safety (Edmondson, 1999)DOI | “Which of these are normal here?”; self-removal without consequence | 15, 41, 45 |
- Score D, I and E for each item 0 to 3, then derive the item score (01 Audit Program section 5).
- Both-required evidence codes (D+I, D+O, O+I) need each type before I can exceed 1.
- Weights C3, K2, S1; L items must score at least 2 or the checklist fails its legislated floor.
- Score = sum(weight x item score) / sum(weight x 3). The effectiveness index uses E.
- Record a finding, owner and due date for every item below 3, and give each finding its grade and priority (01 Audit Program section 6): a major nonconformity is P1 (Imminent) or P2 (Serious) by risk, a minor nonconformity P3 (Moderate), an opportunity for improvement P4 (Improvement). Every finding enters the Corrective Action Register within five working days (a P1 the day it is found), with the due dates its priority sets.
| # | Item | Stage | Wt | Evid | CFAI | Scoring anchors (1 / 2 / 3) | D | I | E | Score | Finding | Owner | Due |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Program governance | |||||||||||||
| 1 | The training policy and the training safety program are adopted, consulted with the JOHSC and reviewed on schedule; the live fire standard is adopted by policy and its current edition is held | S1 | K2 L | D | 8A.3 | 1: drafts / 2: adopted and current / 3: edition watch recorded and acted on | |||||||
| 2 | A line officer owns the program; the team produced four quarterly updates and an annual appraisal; the indicators (risk assessment completion, safety officer coverage, card completion, instructor currency, prerequisite checks, prop inspection currency, rehab compliance, stop calls, injuries per 1,000 participant-hours, low-air alarms, heat illness) have baselines | S2 | K2 | D+I | CC 8B.6 | 1: owner named only / 2: updates and indicators on file / 3: the appraisal changed the plan or the budget | |||||||
| B. Risk assessment and the training safety officer | |||||||||||||
| 3 | The safety officer trigger list is adopted and covers live fire, acquired structures, roofs, rope and heights, water and ice, confined space and trench, driver training, power tools, flashover simulators and large groups | S1 | K2 | D | 8A.3 | 1: live fire only / 2: full list adopted / 3: list reviewed after a training event | |||||||
| 4 | Every practical evolution in a sampled month had a written risk assessment before it started, reviewed with the crew. Look for: Part A of the form | S1 | C3 L | D+O | 11A.3 | 1: some / 2: all sampled / 3: observed review at the start of an evolution | |||||||
| 5 | Standing assessments for recurring drills were reviewed within 12 months and carry a “today” check | S2 | K2 | D | 11A.3 | 1: undated / 2: reviewed / 3: review changed a control | |||||||
| 6 | Every high-hazard evolution in the sample had a training safety officer named by role on the roster | S1 | C3 | D | 8A.3 | 1: live fire only / 2: every trigger covered / 3: coverage reported quarterly at 100 percent | |||||||
| 7 | The safety officer had no other duty during the evolution and holds the incident safety officer competencies | S1 | C3 | D+O | CC 8C.2 | 1: safety officer also instructed / 2: sole duty in records / 3: observed watching people and conditions, not the drill | |||||||
| 8 | Every high-hazard evolution opened with a stop-work briefing: anyone can stop, how to say it, what happens next | S1 | K2 | O | CC 11A.5 | 1: not given / 2: given / 3: participants interviewed repeat it | |||||||
| C. Instructor qualification | |||||||||||||
| 9 | The instructor register lists qualification, expiry, fit test, medical status and authorized evolutions for every instructor, adjunct and visiting instructors included | S1 | K2 | D | CC 8C.2 | 1: partial list / 2: complete / 3: checked before every live fire day | |||||||
| 10 | Everyone who instructed at a burn in the last 24 months held the live fire instructor qualification, and every instructor-in-charge held that qualification | S1 | C3 | D | CC 8C.2 | 1: experience relied on / 2: all qualified / 3: a second qualified instructor-in-charge available | |||||||
| 11 | Instructors completed annual recurrency: fire behaviour and flashover recognition, the current standard, the emergency plan, the year’s injuries and stop calls, the drift list | S2 | K2 | D+I | CC 8C.8 | 1: none / 2: delivered / 3: instructors name a change it caused | |||||||
| 12 | Instructors are evaluated annually and observed in high-hazard training by a senior instructor | S2 | S1 | D | CC 8C.2 | 1: none / 2: evaluations on file / 3: evaluation led to recorded development | |||||||
| D. Participants | |||||||||||||
| 13 | Every live fire roster shows the Firefighter I prerequisites, fit test date and medical status (yes or no), verified against records on the day | S1 | C3 L | D+O | 8B.1 | 1: assumed / 2: on every roster / 3: the check observed on the day | |||||||
| 14 | Participants in other high-hazard evolutions met the prerequisites named in the risk assessment | S1 | K2 | D | 8B.1 | 1: not stated / 2: stated and met / 3: a participant held back until ready | |||||||
| 15 | Self-removals are recorded only as “self-removed”, and members interviewed say leaving an evolution carries no consequence | S1 | K2 | D+I | - | 1: reasons demanded / 2: recorded correctly / 3: a majority of members interviewed confirm it | |||||||
| E. Live fire evolutions | |||||||||||||
| 16 | A written pre-burn plan with every element, signed by the safety officer, exists for every burn in the last 24 months. Look for: Part C of the form | S1 | C3 | D | 8A.3 | 1: some / 2: all / 3: changes after signature went back to the safety officer | |||||||
| 17 | The go/no-go card was read aloud and signed by the instructor-in-charge and the safety officer before every ignition, with no line marked no | S1 | C3 | D+O | 8A.3 | 1: card not used / 2: signed for all burns / 3: observed read aloud; a no-go on record | |||||||
| 18 | Every participant and instructor walked through before ignition | S1 | C3 | D+O | - | 1: instructors only / 2: roster shows all / 3: observed, with the “what would make you stop?” question | |||||||
| 19 | Fuel was Class A listed material only, in the planned quantity and place; no flammable liquids, pressure-treated wood, tires, plastics, foam, mattresses or synthetic furnishings | S1 | C3 | D+O | - | 1: no fuel list / 2: list and plan followed / 3: fuel checked by the safety officer before ignition, observed | |||||||
| 20 | One fire at a time in acquired structures; none in an egress route or below participants; only the ignition officer lit fires | S1 | C3 | D+O | - | 1: not recorded / 2: recorded for every evolution / 3: observed | |||||||
| 21 | No more than five participants per instructor on interior evolutions, recorded for each evolution | S1 | C3 | D | - | 1: not recorded / 2: recorded and met / 3: ratio recounted between evolutions | |||||||
| 22 | A rapid intervention crew on air and a backup line charged, flowed and staffed by an instructor were in place for every interior evolution, with EMS on site | S1 | C3 | D+O | - | 1: crew doubled as next crew / 2: in place every time / 3: observed, rapid intervention crew given no training task | |||||||
| 23 | Accountability matched operations: tags at entry control, a personnel accountability report before and after each evolution, the evacuation signal demonstrated | S1 | C3 | D+O | 11A.12 | 1: informal / 2: recorded / 3: observed | |||||||
| 24 | Between evolutions every participant and instructor passed rehab, the structure was reinspected and cool-down recorded | S1 | C3 | D | - | 1: not recorded / 2: recorded / 3: a member held out on symptoms | |||||||
| 25 | A debrief was held with every participant, and Part E records injuries, near misses, stop calls, self-removals and low-air alarms | S1 | K2 | D | 11A.6 | 1: no record / 2: Part E complete / 3: debrief answers changed the next plan | |||||||
| 26 | Preliminary exposure reduction and exposure reports were completed for every participant and instructor after every burn, and instructors’ repeated exposures are tracked | S1 | K2 | D | 11A.9 | 1: none / 2: for all / 3: instructor rotation set from the exposure data | |||||||
| 27 | Training PPE and SCBA were in service condition and nobody used retired gear | S1 | C3 L | D+O | 6F.4 | 1: retired gear in use / 2: records show compliance / 3: observed gear check in pairs | |||||||
| F. Acquired structures | |||||||||||||
| 28 | The acquisition checklist is complete for every acquired structure: written owner permission, insurance, asbestos survey and licensed abatement, utilities disconnected in writing, hazardous materials removed, permits and notices, structural soundness, extra egress, demolition plan | S1 | C3 L | D | CC 8C.1 | 1: partial / 2: complete / 3: complete with clearance documents attached | |||||||
| 29 | Someone other than the instructor-in-charge checked the structure’s preparation before the first burn | S2 | K2 | D | - | 1: none / 2: check recorded / 3: the check found and fixed a hazard | |||||||
| G. Props, towers and burn buildings | |||||||||||||
| 30 | A facility inventory and schedule cover pre-use, monthly, annual and after-event inspections | S1 | K2 | D | 8C.6 | 1: no inventory / 2: inventory and schedule / 3: schedule met all year | |||||||
| 31 | Pre-use checks are logged for every use in a sampled month, and one was observed | S1 | C3 L | D+O | 8C.5 | 1: occasional / 2: every use / 3: observed check matched the SWP | |||||||
| 32 | The burn building and tower had an annual inspection by a competent person or engineer; anchors are certified; thermocouples are calibrated | S1 | C3 L | D | 8C.5 | 1: overdue / 2: current / 3: findings closed before the next burn season | |||||||
| 33 | Gas-fired props have a current licensed gas fitter certificate, and a leak check and emergency stop test before each use | S1 | C3 L | D+O | 8C.5 | 1: no certificate / 2: certificate and log / 3: observed test | |||||||
| 34 | Tagged items were not used, and returns to service carry the competent person’s and the program manager’s signatures | S1 | C3 | D+O | 8C.5 | 1: no tag-out / 2: tag log complete / 3: no tagged item found in use | |||||||
| 35 | Fall protection on towers, roofs and props above the trigger height is in place and used in training | S1 | C3 L | O | - | 1: absent / 2: present / 3: observed in use | |||||||
| H. Driver training grounds | |||||||||||||
| 36 | Driver training runs on a closed course with public access controlled, run-off zones, an instructor in the cab and spotters for backing, and the course is walked before each session | S1 | K2 | D+O | CC 8C.1 | 1: public roads only / 2: closed course used / 3: observed session met every element | |||||||
| I. Heat, hydration and rehab | |||||||||||||
| 37 | Each risk assessment sets weather limits and records readings; sessions were changed or ended on weather on hot and cold days | S1 | C3 | D | - | 1: no limits / 2: limits and readings / 3: a session ended on weather, on record | |||||||
| 38 | A rehab lead and rehab log exist for every high-exertion session, and members with symptoms did not re-enter | S1 | C3 | D+O | - | 1: rehab for live fire only / 2: every session / 3: observed | |||||||
| J. Injuries, near misses and drift | |||||||||||||
| 39 | The training injury and near-miss log is complete; every event was reported before the end of the session, triaged and reviewed with the instructors within 30 days | S1 | K2 | D | 11A.7 | 1: injuries only / 2: complete and reviewed / 3: review findings closed | |||||||
| 40 | The team reviews trends each quarter, and the findings changed a standing assessment, the card or recurrency | S2 | K2 | D+I | 11A.6 | 1: no review / 2: quarterly / 3: a dated change traced to the review | |||||||
| 41 | The drift list (“which of these are normal here?”) is worked through at recurrency and each quarter, and the answers are recorded and acted on | S2 | K2 | D+I | - | 1: not used / 2: used / 3: instructors name a drift point the department stopped | |||||||
| 42 | Statutory reports for training injuries were made on time | S1 | C3 L | D | - | 1: late or missing / 2: on time / 3: on time with the committee notified | |||||||
| K. Records | |||||||||||||
| 43 | Plans, cards, rosters and logs are kept for the program’s period (seven years for live fire by default) and retrieved during the audit | S1 | K2 | D | 8B.5 | 1: scattered / 2: complete / 3: retrieved in minutes | |||||||
| 44 | Training equipment is maintained and inventoried: training hose tested as line hose, training SCBA under the respiratory program | S2 | S1 | D | 8C.5, 8C.6 | 1: no inventory / 2: inventory and tests / 3: deficiencies closed | |||||||
| L. Psychological safety and the loop | |||||||||||||
| 45 | Psychological safety. Stop calls and self-removals are counted and every one answered within five working days; participants and instructors interviewed describe stopping or slowing an evolution and what followed; no reprisal case | S1 | K2 | D+I | 11A.6 | 1: no count / 2: counted and answered / 3: a majority interviewed describe a stop and its outcome | |||||||
| 46 | Accountability and closed feedback loop. The program’s loop table names the owner, doers, verifiers, the feedback path and the closure rule with escalation, and the loop test holds when walked through with a real event | S1 | K2 | D+I | CC 8B.6 | 1: table present, roles blank / 2: complete, owner explains it / 3: a real report traced to verified closure, reply and change notice on time |
Loop test. Pick a training defect reported in the last year, such as a tower guardrail that moved under load. Trace it: the floor tagged out that day and the defect logged as a P1 the same day, with the fire chief and JOHSC co-chairs told within 24 hours; facilities as owner with a plan inside two working days; a reply to the reporter within five working days; every guardrail on the structure checked; the repair load-checked and the item closed inside seven days, or inside the one extension to 30 days the fire chief may grant while the floor stays tagged out; a guardrail item added to the annual inspection; a change notice to every instructor; closure verified and reported to the JOHSC at its next meeting.
Answer from observation or interview only; record the evidence.
- Watch a live fire or high-hazard evolution from briefing to debrief: was the card read aloud and signed, did everyone walk through, did the safety officer do nothing but safety, and was the ratio held?
- Ask two instructors: “Tell me about the last evolution you stopped, slowed or changed because something did not match the plan. What happened next?”
- Ask three participants, one of them a volunteer: “If you were struggling in there, what would you do, and what would happen to you?” and “Have you raised a concern about training, and did you hear back?” Record whether each names a person and a response.
- (Instructor-in-charge) Walk me through your last burn day from arrival to teardown.
- (Safety officer) What did you watch, and what would have made you stop it?
- (Instructor) Who decides the fuel load, and what is on the list?
- (Recruit) What did the walk-through show you, and where was the backup line?
- (Training officer) Show me the instructor register and the last adjunct you added.
- (Lead instructor) Show me today’s risk assessment and the pre-use check for this prop.
- (Facilities) Show me the burn building’s last inspection and the gas fitter’s certificate.
- (Rehab lead) Who was held out last session, and why?
- (Observe) The go/no-go card being read and signed.
- (Observe) A pre-use prop inspection.
- (Everyone) Which of the drift points are normal here?
- (Everyone) What one thing about training safety would you fix first?
| Section | Items | Sum wt x 3 | Sum wt x score | Section % | Lowest item | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Program governance | 1 to 2 | |||||
| B. Risk assessment and the training safety officer | 3 to 8 | |||||
| C. Instructor qualification | 9 to 12 | |||||
| D. Participants | 13 to 15 | |||||
| E. Live fire evolutions | 16 to 27 | |||||
| F. Acquired structures | 28 to 29 | |||||
| G. Props, towers and burn buildings | 30 to 35 | |||||
| H. Driver training grounds | 36 | |||||
| I. Heat, hydration and rehab | 37 to 38 | |||||
| J. Injuries, near misses and drift | 39 to 42 | |||||
| K. Records | 43 to 44 | |||||
| L. Psychological safety and the loop | 45 to 46 |
Report by section, never as one number. Findings go to the Corrective Action Register; the program manager owns them until verified closed.
This chapter relies on the following legal requirements, which differ by province and territory. Check your jurisdiction’s section on each topic page before adopting it.
| Topic | What to check in your jurisdiction | Page |
|---|---|---|
| Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors | The employer’s general duty to take every reasonable precaution in training, and whether instructors and officers in charge of an evolution carry supervisor duties (items 1, 4, 7) | J02 Duties of Employers, Supervisors, Workers and Contractors |
| Written Procedures and Committee Consultation | When written work procedures are required for training evolutions, what makes them adequate, and whether the committee must be consulted on them (items 1, 4) | J06 Written Procedures and Committee Consultation |
| Incident Reporting and Investigation | Which training injuries and dangerous occurrences must be reported to the regulator and how quickly, and the duty to investigate them (items 39, 42) | J08 Incident Reporting and Investigation |
| Records Retention | How long training, injury and other regulated records must be kept, against the program’s default of seven years for live fire (item 43) | J09 Records Retention |
| Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations | Whether a fire-service rule, such as a buddy, two-in/two-out or rapid intervention rule for interior work in SCBA, applies in training as on the fireground (items 13, 22, 23) | J12 Fire Service OHS Rules and Fireground Operations |
| Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment | Which protective ensemble, SCBA and PASS standards the law requires, which apply to training gear as to operational gear (item 27) | J13 Firefighter PPE and Protective Equipment |
| Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air | How often and by what method instructors and participants must be fit tested before wearing SCBA in training (items 9, 13) | J14 Respiratory Protection, Fit Testing and Breathing Air |
| Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices | Whether training equipment, props and towers must be inspected before each use and by a competent person at a set interval, and how long the records must be kept (items 30 to 34, 44) | J15 Equipment Inspection, Ladders and Aerial Devices |
| Fall Protection and Rope Access | The height at which fall protection is required on towers, roofs and props, and whether any emergency services relief applies to training (item 35) | J16 Fall Protection and Rope Access |
| WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos | Whether an asbestos survey and licensed abatement are required before training in an acquired structure, and how hazardous materials must be removed first (items 16, 28) | J21 WHMIS, Hazardous Materials and Asbestos |
| Wildland and Interface Fire | The burning season, burn permit and restriction rules that apply to live fire training in acquired structures and outdoors (items 16, 28) | J35 Wildland and Interface Fire |
Center for Public Safety Excellence [CPSE]. (2019). Fire and emergency service self-assessment manual (10th ed.). Commission on Fire Accreditation International. https://cpse.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/10th-Edition-FESSAM-Strikethrough-Underline-v.4.pdf
CSA Group. (2018). CAN/CSA-Z1001-18 (R2022), Occupational health and safety training. https://www.csagroup.org/store/product/CAN-CSA-Z1001-18/
Dekker, S. (2016). Just culture: Restoring trust and accountability in your organization (3rd ed.). CRC Press.
Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. doi:10.2307/2666999
National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1010, Standard on professional qualifications for firefighters (consolidates NFPA 1001, 1002, 1003 and 1005). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1010-standard-development/1010
National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1403, Standard on live fire training evolutions (last standalone edition; now part of NFPA 1400). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1403-standard-development/1403
National Fire Protection Association. (2024). NFPA 1550, Standard for emergency responder health and safety (consolidates NFPA 1500, 1521 and 1561). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1550-standard-development/1550
National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1020, Standard for fire and emergency services instructor, fire officer, and EMS officer professional qualifications (consolidates NFPA 1021 and 1041). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1020-standard-development/1020
National Fire Protection Association. (2025). NFPA 1580, Standard for emergency responder occupational health and wellness (consolidates NFPA 1581, 1582, 1583 and 1584). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1580-standard-development/1580
National Fire Protection Association. (2026). NFPA 1400, Standard on fire service training (consolidates NFPA 1402, 1403, 1404, 1407, 1408, 1410 and 1451). https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1400-standard-development/1400
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH]. (2008). Career fire fighter dies and other fire fighters are injured during a live fire training evolution in an acquired structure (Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Report F2007-09). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/
Vaughan, D. (1996). The Challenger launch decision: Risky technology, culture, and deviance at NASA. University of Chicago Press.